Studi taksonomi rotan (Calamus spp.) di kawasan hutan Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
ANDILOMPO, Drs. Purnomo, MS
2008 | Tesis | S2 BiologiRotan merupakan nama sekumpulan jenis tanaman familia Arecaceae yang tumbuh memanjat, dan digolongkan dalam sub familia Calamoideae. Kawasan hutan Kabupaten Muna ditumbuhi berbagai spesies rotan termasuk Calamus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies, variasi, hubungan kekerabatan, dan distribusi rotan anggota genus Calamus yang terdapat di kawasan hutan Kabupaten Muna. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode penjelajahan di dua kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Maligano dan Wakorumba Selatan. Spesies Calamus yang ditemukan dibuat spesimen herbarium dan dilakukan pencatatan data lapangan mengenai habitat, lokasi dan kegunaan bagi masyarakat lokal. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi batang, daun, bunga, buah dan biji, serta pengamatan anatomi penampang melintang batang. Terdapat 49 karakter morfologi dan 11 karakter anatomi yang digunakan untuk karakterisasi analisis hubungan kekerabatan. Analisis data diawali dengan scoring secara two state dan multi state, kemudian dilakukan standarisasi dan dihitung koefisien similaritasnya dengan rumus Simple Matching Coefficient. Kemudian dibuat pengklasteran dengan metode Average Linkage atau Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) untuk pembuatan dendrogram dengan menggunakan program SPSS 12.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kawasan hutan Kabupaten Muna terdapat 8 spesies Calamus yakni C. inops, C. koordensianus, C. leiocaulis, C. leptostachys, C. ornatus, C. zollingeri, C. sp.1 dan C. sp.2. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi didapatkan dua kelompok, yaitu klaster I terdiri dari C. sp 2, C. sp 1 dan C. Ornatus, dan klaster II terdiri dari C. inops, C. zollingeri, C. leptostachys, C. leiocaulis dan C. koodensianus. Berdasarkan karakter anatomi juga didapatkan dua kelompok, yaitu klaster I terdiri dari C. sp 1 dan C. sp 2 dan klaster II terdiri dari C. leptostachys, C. zollingeri, C. leiocaulis, C. koordensianus, C. ornatus dan C. inops. Distribusi lokal masing-masing spesies adalah: C. inops, C. leiocaulis dan C. sp.1 terdapat di Desa Pure, Baluara, Lanobake dan Pohorua. C. leptostachys, C. ornatus dan C. zollingeri terdapat di Desa Wambona, Baluara, Lanobake dan Moolo. C. koordensianus terdapat di Desa Pure dan Pohorua, sedangkan C. sp.2 terdapat di Desa Pure dan Baluara.
Rattan is a name of a group of plants in a family of Arecaceae that grow scandent, which is classified in the subfamily of Calamoideae. Forest area of Muna regency is known to be an area where various rattan species grow, including those from the genus of Calamus. This study is aiming at identifying species, variety, relationship, and lokal distribution of rattan from the Calamus, found in the forest area of Muna Regency. Samples were collected using exploration method in two districts, Maligano and South Wakorumba. Samples were then processed for herbarium specimen. Field data about habitat, location, and usefulness for local community was recorded. Spesies characterization was done based on morphological characters from stem, leaf, flower, fruit and seed, observation on anatomical character from cross section anatomy of stem. There are 49 morphological characters and 11 anatomical characters, used for characterization and analysis of phenetic relationship. Data analysis was done by scoring the data into two-state and multi state characters, followed by standardization, and calculation of similarity using simple matching coefficient. Cluster analysis using done with average linkage method or Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) to made dendrogram using program SPSS 12.0. Results indicated that in the forest area of Muna regency, there were 8 species of Calamus: C. inops, C. koordensianus, C. leiocaulis, C. leptostachys, C. ornatus, C. zollingeri, C. sp.1 and C. sp.2. Based on morphological characters, two groups were recognized, i.e. first cluster consisted of C. sp 2, C. sp 1 and C. ornatus, and second cluster included C. inops, C. zollingeri, C. leptostachys, C. leiocaulis dan C. koodensianus. Based on anatomical characters it was also found of two groups of spesies, i.e. first cluster consisted of C. sp 1 and C. sp 2, and second cluster included C. leptostachys, C. zollingeri, C. leiocaulis, C. koordensianus, C. ornatus and C. inops. Local distribution of each spesies were as follow: C. inops, C. leiocaulis and C. sp.1 were found in Pure, Baluara, Lanobake and Pohorua villages. C. leptostachys, C. ornatus and C. zollingeri were found in Wambona, Baluara, Lanobake and Moolo villages. C. koordensianus was found in Pure and Pohorua villages, whereas C. sp.2 was found in Pure and Baluara villages.
Kata Kunci : Calamus spp,Variasi,Morfologi,Hubungan kekerabatan fenetik,variation, morphology, phenetic relationship
