Kontroversi pengaturan program zakat profesi melalui perda :: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Lombok Timur NTB

SISWANTO, Sunarjo Edy, Noegroho Amien Soetarto, SH.M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pergeseran sistim pemerintahan dari sistim yang sentralistik kepada sistem yang desentralistik, yang ditandai dengan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di mana daerah memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur rumah tangganya sendiri sesuai dengan ciri khas daerahnya masig-masing. Mengacu pada Undang-undang No: 38 Tahun 1999, tentang Pengelolaan Zakat, maka Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Lombok Timur mengeluarkan PERDA No. 9 Tahun 2002 tentang Pengngelolaan Zakat, yang secara operasional dituangkan melalui Keputusan Bupati No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Lombok Timur Nomor 9 Tahun 2002 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat. Keberadaan PERDA dan keputusan Bupati tersebut menjadi fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini dikaitkan dengan Ketahanan Wilayah, karena dalam pelaksanaannya banyak menunai kendala, yaitu penentangan oleh para Pegawai Negeri Sipil terutama para guru Penelitian ini juga untuk ingin mengetahui, Bagaimana kewenangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Lombok Timur dalam Pemungutan Zakat Profesi serta implikasi penerapan Perda tersebut terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melalui kaji dokumen dan penelitian lapangan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Lombok Timur tidak berhak mengeluarkan PERDA No. 9 Tahun 2002, tentang Pengelolaan Zakat. Tanpa PERDA tersebut para Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang beragama Islam tetap menyadari bahwa tetap wajib hukumnya untuk berzakat, hanya saja tidak melalui BAZ/LAZ, melainkan diserahkan langsung ke Mustahiq. Implikasi Zakat profesi terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah, yakni Zakat profesi dapat mengendalikan perkembangan dan pergeseran masyarakat agar tidak menyimpang dari moralitas Pancasila, di sisi lain zakat profesi dapat menciptakan situasi yang aman dan damai di Kabupaten Lombok Timur, serta dapat menciptakan menciptakan kematangan dan pendewasaan sosial politik baik secara kelembagaan maupun mekanismenya sesuai dengan demokrasi dan Pancasila.

The shift from a centralized system of government to a decentralized one forms the background of the research concerned here. An indication of the shift is the implementation of the regional autonomy giving each region the authority to manage its domestic affairs in accordance with its own specific characteristics. With reference to Law No. 38 of Year 1999 about the management of zakat, which is the term for what a Moslem gives for charity, the regional government body in the Regency of East Lombok has issued Regional Regulation No. 9 of Year 2002 about zakat management and the Regulation has been made operational via the Regent’s Decree No. 17 of Year 2003, which provides directions for its implementation. The aforesaid regulation and decree, in relation to territorial preservation, have then become the focus of study in the research because their implementation has encountered considerable constraint in the form of opposition coming from civil servants in general and teachers in particular. The research objective has been to determine what authority the regional government body in the Regency has in collecting the so-called zakat profesi, which is the term used to call the zakat collected through the professions, and what implications the implementation of the Regulation has on territorial preservation in the Regency. The approach employed in the research has involved studying documents and conducting field research. The results of the research indicate that the regional government body of the Regency has no authority to issue the Regulation because it is contradictory to, first, Law No. 32 of Year 32, which rules that religious matters are the concern of the central government body, and, second, the Constitution of 1945, which gives citizens of the country freedom to practice the activities ordained by their respective religions. Without the Regulation, civil servants who embrace the religion of Islam are already fully aware that it is religiously obligatory for them to give zakat to its intended recipients directly and not through any formal institution founded by the government. The implications of collecting zakat profesi on territorial preservation are that it could control the developments and shifts in society to prevent it from diverging from the morality of Pancasila, that it could facilitate a secure and peaceful situation in the Regency, and that it could result in social and political maturity and maturing process in institutions as well as in their mechanisms in accordance with democracy and Pancasila.

Kata Kunci : Kontroversi, Zakat Profesi, controversy