Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan penerapan sistem pelaporan kesehatan dengan menggunakan jaringan komputer (dial up) di dinas kesehatan Provinsi Maluku Utara

RIZALDI, Arif, Dr. Ir. Eko Nugroho, MSi

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Salah satu karakteristik sistem informasi yang yang baik diantaranya adalah ditandai dengan adanya integrasi antar unit/wilayah penghasil informasi. Sebagai suatu provinsi yang secara geografis bersifat kepulauan, di Provinsi Maluku Utara pernah mengembangkan komunikasi (dial up) yang menghubungkan puskesmas, dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota dan provinsi. Sistem tersebut bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dan mempercepat pengiriman data kesehatan, namun kemudian berakhir dengan kegagalan Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi penyebab kegagalan sistem pelaporan kesehatan yang menggunakan jaringan komputer (dial up) di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Maluku Utara Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan studi kasus menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena kegagalan penerapan sistem informasi. Wawancara mendalam pertanyaaan checklist serta observasi digunakan sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian : Desain sistem yang masih sederhana, format pelaporan yang tidak lengkap, teknologi tidak sesuai dengan standar dan kebutuhan menyebabkan kendala walapun tenaga telah mengikuti pelatihan. Organisasi tidak optimal dalam menjalankan peran dan dukungan baik dari pimpinan, struktur organisasi, kultur atau budaya kerja dan pembiayaan. Sebagian memiliki motivasi, tetapi pada akhirya pengguna menolak penerapan sistem ini. Kesimpulan : penerapan sistem pelaporan secara teknis dan organisasi tidak mendukung dan menimbulkan banyak keterbatasan sehingga menmbulkan kegagalan sistem pelaporan serta perilaku pengguna dengan sikap yang menolak akan tetapi motivasi dan kepercayaan terhadap sistem ada

Background: One of the characteristics that typifies a good information system is the integration among units/areas that produce information. As a province which is geographically composed of many islands, Maluku Utara Province had previously developed a dial up communication system that was intended to build connections between and among community health centers and municipal/district and province health offices in the province. However, this system, which was designed to obtain and increase the speed of health data transfer, ended with failure. Purpose: This study tried to explore the causes of failure of the health reporting system using a computer network (dial up) at the Health Office of Maluku Utara Province. Method: It was a descriptive study using a case study design and employed a qualitative and quantitative approach to explore the failure in the implementation of information system. The methods for collecting data were in-depth interview, using questions from a checklist, and observation. Results: This study found that the design for the system was still simple, the format of reporting was not complete, the technology was not standard and it did not meet the needs so that it produced problems although the staffs had been trained. Also, those organizations were not optimal in carrying out their roles and they lacked the supports from organization leaders, organizational structures, culture or work culture, and funding. Although, some people were motivated to implement the system, the users finally refused its implementation. Conclusion: Implementation of the reporting system was, technically and organizationally, unsupported so that it created many limitations which led to its failure and its rejection by users although the motivation and trust for such a system were still existed.

Kata Kunci : Faktor kegagalan,Sistem pelaporan,Jaringan komputer, causes of failure, reporting system, computer network