Karakteristik morfologi populasi bemisia tabaci asal daerah endemik dan non endemik penyakit kuning cabai

ARMINUDIN, Ahmad Taufiq, Dr. Ir. Arman Wijonarko, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan karakter morfologi B. tabaci dari populasi di daerah endemik dan non endemik penyakit kuning cabai. Penelitian telah dilakukan mulai bulan Desember 2007 hingga Agustus 2008 di Kabupaten Sleman sebagai daerah endemik dan Kabupaten Bantul sebagai daerah non endemik penyakit kuning cabai. Populasi B. tabaci diamati menggunakan perangkap kuning, vakum, dan indeks populasi pupa, sedangkan karakter morfologi dan morfometrik imago dan pupa B. tabaci diamati dan dilakukan morfometrik menggunakan mikroskop kamera Leica MZ16 dan kamera lucida. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat lokasi penelitian di masing-masing daerah endemik dan non endemik penyakit kuning cabai, sebanyak 30 sampel diambil dari masing-masing daerah tersebut untuk diamati, diukur, dan dianalisis karakter morfologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya beda nyata antara karakter morfologi B. tabaci di daerah endemik dengan di daerah non endemik penyakit kuning cabai pada sembilan karakter morfologi imago jantan, dua pada imago betina, lima pada pupa jantan, dan empat pada pupa betina. Karakter morfologi sayap jantan berupa panjang posterior margin dan lebar sayap belakang merupakan karakter yang paling jelas membedakan dan mengelompokkan populasi di kedua daerah tersebut sebagai populasi migratori dan trivial. Populasi imago B. tabaci di daerah endemik penyakit kuning cabai didominasi populasi yang bersifat migratori, sedangkan di daerah non endemik didominasi oleh populasi yang bersifat trivial.

This research was aimed to determine differences in the morphological character of B. tabaci populations collected from endemic and non endemic areas of pepper yellowing disease. The study was conducted from December 2007 to August 2008 in the District of Sleman representing the endemic area and the District of Bantul representing the non endemic area of pepper yellowing diseases. Populations dynamic of B. tabaci adults were investigated using the yellow sticky color trap and vacuum, while pupa population was estimated by index. Four location sites from both the endemic and non endemic areas were selected. From each site, thirty samples of B. tabaci were collected, measured, and analyzed based on morphological characters. Morphological character and morphometric assessment were determined using a camera microscope and lucida camera. The results showed that on nine morphological characters from adult males, two for adult females, five for pupal males, and four for pupal females were significantly different. The posterior margin and the width of hindwing of adult males were important morphological characters to determine in grouping the B. tabaci into migratory or trivial population. Morphometric analysis showed that within endemic area of pepper yellowing disease, B. tabaci populations tend to be predominantly by migratory type, while within non endemic area trivial type.

Kata Kunci : Bemisia tabaci,Populasi,Karakter morfologi,Morfometrik, Bemisia tabaci, population, morphological characters, morphometric