Kajian peran makanan tradisional berbasis ubi kayu terhadap sistem ketahanan pangan ditinjau dari perspektif ekonomi rumah tangga

WINARSO, Gatut, Dr. Ir. Wahyu Supartono

2008 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Industri Pertanian

Ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta) sebagai makanan tradisional merupakan potensi yang besar sebagai bahan makanan untuk ketahanan pangan di suatau wilayah. Keberhasilan ketahanan nasional dapat di ukur dari ketahanan pangan tingkat rumah tangga yang tercermin dari tingkat ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, keamanan dan keberlanjutan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga dengan perlakuan penilaian terhadap pola konsumsi pangan, pengaruh jumlah makanan tradisional dan jumlah beras terhadap pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga, pengaruh pendapatan rumah tangga terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan tradisional, Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) dan ketersediaan pangan. Desa Sempu dipilih sebagai wilayah penelitian karena sebagaian besar masyarakat masih memanfaatkan makanan tradisional yang berbahan baku ubi kayu. Berkaitan dengan pengaruh jumlah konsumsi makanan tradisional dan jumlah konsumsi beras terhadap pengeluaran pangan menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan dengan ditunjukkan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 253.441,26 + 0,039X1 + 0,788 X2 . Sedang pengaruh pendapatan terhadap jumlah konsumsi makanan tradisional tidak berpengaruh nyata yang ditunjukkan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 14.909,901 + 0,014 X. Berdasarkan nilai konsumsi energi, protein dan skor PPH sebesar 2202,4 kkal/kap/hari (%AKG = 100,1%), 50,01 g/kap/hari dan 62,9. Protein mendekati 52 g/kap/hari. Berdasarkan tingkat ketersediaan pangan, terdapat 68% keluarga mempunyai cadangan pangan berupa ubi kayu. Nilai rata rata pendapatan tambahan dari produksi ubi kayu Rp. 52.980/panen. Pendapatan tersebut oleh keluarga dapat digunakan untuk mendukung ketersediaan gizi yang seimbang.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of agriculture products which have potency as foodstiffs. It can supports food secusity system in some regions. Succes of food security at national level can be measured by evaluation of food security at household level, which is expiessed by availability, affordability, safety and sustainability. Objectives of this research were as follows; a) to know economic condition in Sempu Village Nawangan Pacitan based on food conception pattern, amount of consumed cassava based traditional foods and rice. b) To know influence of household income towards amount of consumed traditional foods, Expected Food Pattern and food availibility. The Sempu Village was chosen for the research location, because a large amount of its society still consumed cassava based traditional foods. Based on the research results that food expense was influenced by amount of traditional foods consumption and amount of consumed rice with following equation Y = 253.441,26 + 0,039X1 + 0,788 X2. Furthermore the household income had no significant influence on the consumption of traditional foods and its showed in the equation Y = 14.909,901 + 0,014 X. The further results depicted, that value of consumed energy was 2202,4 kkal/person/day ( % of nutrition sufficient value = 100,1 %), protein value 50,01g/person/ day and Expeted Food Pattern 62,9. Based on the food availability, 68% of the families in this village had cassava as their reserved food. Average of added income in the family from the cassava production was Rp 52,980/harvest. This income was used to support the family to fulfill the nutrition balance.

Kata Kunci : Makanan tradisional,Ubi kayu,Ketahanan pangan, Traditional food, cassava, Food Sucurity