Ketahanan laminasi bambu Petung yang diawetkan terhadap deteriorisasi dan sifat-sifat perekatannya

NURHIDAYAT, Wahyu, Dr. Ir. Sutjipto A.H., M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Bambu merupakan salah satu hasil hutan bukan kayu yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Pemanfaatan bambu secara lebih luas dihadapkan pada sifat keawetannya yang rendah dan dimensi kecil. Atas dasar hal tersebut penelitian pengolahan bambu yang mengombinasikan perlakuan pengawetan dan laminasi perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketahanan laminasi bambu petung yang diawetkan terhadap biodeteriorasi (sebagai agen perusak digunakan rayap kayu kering dan kumbang bubuk), pengaruh perlakuan pengawetan terhadap sifat fisika mekanika bambu laminasi dan pengaruh posisi bidang rekat terhadap kekuatan rekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial 3 x 2 x 3. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengawetan disusun kombinasi faktor lama perendaman (A1 = 5 menit, A2 = 10 menit dan A3 = 15 menit) dan faktor konsentrasi bahan pengawet (B1 = 2,5%, B2 = 5%), sedangkan untuk menguji sifat-sifat fisika mekanika dari laminasi ditambahkan faktor ketiga posisi bidang rekat (C1 = dalam-dalam, C2 = luar-luar, C3 = dalam-luar). Bilah bambu berukuran 1 x 2,5 x 56 cm diawetkan dengan Cairan Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (CKBJM) dalam pelarut aseton secara rendaman dingin. Laminasi bambu dibentuk dari dua bilah yang direkat menggunakan Urea Formaldehida dengan posisi bidang rekat sesuai rancangan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari faktor–faktor perlakuan dilakukan analisis keragaman dan dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Jujur dengan prosedur Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama perendaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap absorpsi, retensi, mortalitas rayap kayu kering, mortalitas kumbang bubuk dengan korelasi positif dan terhadap pengurangan berat oleh rayap kayu kering dengan korelasi negatif. Konsentrasi bahan pengawet berpengaruh nyata terhadap retensi, mortalitas rayap kayu kering, mortalitas kumbang bubuk dengan korelasi positif dan terhadap pengurangan berat oleh rayap kayu kering dan kumbang bubuk dengan korelasi negatif. Kombinasi lama perendaman 15 menit dan konsentrasi bahan pengawet 5% efektif mencegah serangan rayap kayu kering dan kumbang bubuk. Faktor tunggal konsentrasi bahan pengawet berpengaruh nyata terhadap MOE, MOR dan kekuatan geser rekat dengan korelasi negatif, sedangkan posisi bidang rekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap MOE dan kekuatan geser rekat. Rata-rata MOE tertinggi sebesar 131820 kg/m2 dicapai pada posisi bidang rekat dalam-dalam dan rata-rata kekuatan geser rekat tertinggi sebesar 87 kg/m2 dicapai pada posisi bidang rekat luar-luar.

Bamboo is one of non-wood forest product frequently used in Indonesia. Its extensive utilization was limited by its low durability and its small dimensions. Based on this fact, research on bamboo processing combined with preservation treatment and laminating are urgently needed. The objectives of this research were to know the resistance of laminated Petung bamboo against biodeterioration (dry wood termite and powder post beetle were used as deteriorating agents), effect of preservation treatment on the physical and mechanical properties and effect of bond face position on the bonding strength. This research using Completely Randomized Design was factorially set up. Combination between periods of soaking (A1 = 5 minutes, A2 =10 minutes and A3 = 15 minutes) and concentrations of preservative (B1 = 2.5%, B2 = 5%) were applied to test effectiveness, whereas for testing physical and mechanical properties was added positions of bond face (C1 = inner-inner, C2 = outer-outer, C3 = inner-outer) as third factor. The laminates bamboo of with a thickness of 1 cm, width of 2.5 cm and length of 56 cm were preserved with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in acetone by cold soaking method. Two laminates with variation of position of bond face as research design were bonded with Urea Formaldehyde. The analysis of variance and Honestly Significant Difference test with Tukey procedure were used to evaluate the effects of treatment factors. Results indicated that the effect of soaking period on absorption, retention, mortality of both dry wood termite and powder post beetle was significant in positive correlation and on weight loss by dry wood termite was significant in negative correlation. The concentration of preservative significantly affected retention, mortality of both dry wood termite and powder post beetle in positive corelation, and weight loss by both dry wood termite and powder post beetle in negative correlation. The combination between soaking period of 15 minutes and preservative concentration of 5% were effective to prevent both dry wood termite and powder post beetle attacks. Concentration of preservative significantly affected MOE, MOR and bonding strength, whereas the position of bond face significantly affected both MOE and bonding strength. The highest MOE average of 131820 kg/m2 was achieved on inner-inner and the average of highest bonding strength was 87 kg/m2 on outer-outer

Kata Kunci : Bambu Petung,Lama perendaman,Konsentrasi bahan pengawet,Posisi bidang rekat,Cairan Kulit Biji Jambu Mete,CKBJM, Petung bamboo, CNSL, soaking period, preservative concentration, position of bond face