Pengaruh pemanfaatan rumput laut Gracilaria edulis dalam pakan terhadap kinerja ayam fase pullet

HORHORUW, Wiesje Martha, Prof. Ir. Wihandoyo, MS., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan rumput laut Gracilaria edulis dalam pakan terhadap kinerja ayam fase pullet, serta kandungan iodium di dalam telur. Materi yang digunakan meliputi 126 ekor ayam Strain Lohman Brown berumur 14 minggu dibagi dalam tujuh perlakuan rumput laut yaitu R0, R1, R2 , R3, R4, R5 dan R6 berturut-turut 0,00; 2,50; 5,00; 7,50; 10,00; 12,50 serta 15,00% dan tiga kali ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan enam ekor ayam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, konversi pakan dan umur pada saat dewasa kelamin, organ reproduksi (bobot dan panjang oviduk serta bobot ovarium), kualitas fisik telur pertama (bobot telur, bobot kerabang, tebal kerabang, warna kuning telur, bobot kuning telur dan Haugh unit), kandungan iodium dari kuning telur. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Pola Searah dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan pengaruh perlakuan berbeda tidak nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan, bobot badan saat dewasa kelamin dan konversi pakan, berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pencapaian umur dewasa kelamin. Konsumsi pakan: 80.94; 81,02; 80,95; 81,43; 81,69; 82,25 dan 82,72 g/ekor/hari; bobot badan saat dewasa kelamin: 1898,56; 1977,78; 1947,78; 1947,78; 1949,78; 1981,67; 1949,44 dan 1994,44 g; konversi pakan: 5,78; 5,35; 5,45; 5,08; 5,57;5,86 dan 6,25 umur dewasa kelamin: 157,50; 159,11; 158,67; 163, 06; 161,72; 164,83 dan 165,50 hari berturut-turut untuk R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, dan R6. Berbeda tidak nyata terhadap bobot dan panjang oviduk serta bobot ovarium. Bobot oviduk: 59,09; 41,96; 50,15; 63,37; 57,17; 60,28 dan 57,86 g; panjang oviduk: 70,03; 54, 30; 63,40; 61,27; 54,60; 62,07 dan 62,30 cm; bobot ovarium: 38,29; 28,31; 31,79; 41,03; 32,12; 39,39 dan 36,91 g berturutturut untuk R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, dan R6. Berbeda tidak nyata terhadap bobot telur, bobot dan tebal kerabang, Haugh unit, dan bobot kuning telur. Berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap warna kuning telur. Bobot telur: 51,25; 54,50; 50,89; 51,66; 51,96; 51,36 dan 50,83 g; bobot kerabang: 3,95 ; 4,22 ; 4,15 ; 4,11 ; 3,79 ; 4,09 dan 3,93 g; tebal kerabang: 0,41; 0,42; 0,43; 0,42; 0,41; 0,42 dan 0,41 mm; Haugh unit: 102,06; 102,46; 103,77; 103,42; 103,68; 102,94 dan 102,73; bobot kuning telur: 11,10; 12,07; 11,35; 11,71; 12,03; 11,79 dan 11,18 g; warna kuning telur 10,23; 11,27; 11,83; 12,11; 12,44; 12,44 dan 12,83 berturut-turut untuk R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, dan R6. Berbeda tidak nyata terhadap kandungan iodium kuning telur 0,47; 0,48; 0,50; 0,52; 0,55; 0,56 dan 0,60 ppm, kandungan iodium putih telur 0,23; 0,24; 0,26; 0,28; 0,29; 0,31 dan 0,34 ppm berturut-turut untuk R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, dan R6. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan rumput laut Gracilaria edulis sampai level 15% dalam pakan tidak menurunkan kinerja ayam fase pullet dan memberikan warna lebih kuning dalam telur, namun belum dapat menaikkan kadar iodium dalam telur

The research was conducted to know the effect of seaweed Gracilaria edulis in the diets on performance of pullet. One hundred and twenty six Lohmann Brown Strain pullet at 14 weeks of ages were divided into seven seaweed treatments. The treatment diets were R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 contents 0.00%; 2.50%; 5.00%; 7.50%; 10.00%; 12.50% and 15.00% of seaweed, with three replications, and six pullets of each. The collected data were: feed consumption, weights and ages at sexual matuarity, feed conversion ratio. Growth of reproduction tract (weight and lenght of oviduct and weight of ovarium) quality of first egg (weight of egg, weight and thick of eggshell, color of egg yolk and Haugh unit) and Iodine content in the egg. The collected data were analyzed by a one way classification of variance, followed testing the significant means by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the effect of the treatments had not significans differences on feed consumption, body weight at sexual matuarity, feed conversion ratio, but significans (P<0.05) on ages at sexual matuarity. Feed consumption were 80.94 g/chicken/day; 81.02 g/chicken/day; 80.95 g/chicken/day; 81.43 g/chicken/day; 81.69 g/chicken/day; 82.25 g/chicken/day and 82.72 g/chicken/day, body weight at sexual matuarity 1898.56 g; 1977.78 g; 1947.78 g; 1947.78 g; 1949.78 g; 1981.67 g; 1949.44 g, FCR 5.78; 5.35; 5.45; 5.08; 5.57; 5.86 and 6.25 for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 respectively. There had not significant differences on weight and length of oviduct, and weight of ovarium. Oviduct weight were 59.09 g; 41.96 g; 50.15 g; 63.37 g; 57.17 g; 60.28 g and 57.86 g, oviduct length 70.03 cm; 54.30 cm; 63.40 cm; 61.27 cm; 54.60 cm; 62.07 cm and 62.30 cm, ovarium weight 38.29 g; 28.31 g; 31.79 g; 41.03 g; 32.12 g; 39.39 g and 36.91 g for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 respectively. There had not significant differences on first egg quality were egg weight, eggshell weight and thickness, Haugh unit, and egg yolk weight. There had significant difference (P<0,01) on egg yolk color. Egg weight were 51.25 g; 54.50 g; 50.89 g; 51.66 g; 51.36 g; 51.36 g and 50.83 g, eggshell weight 3.95 g; 4.22 g; 4.15 g; 4.11 g; 3.79 g; 4.09 g and 3.93 g, eggshell thickness 0.41 mm; 0.42 mm; 0.43 mm; 0.42 mm; 0.41 mm; 0.42 mm and 0.41 mm, Haugh unit 102.06; 102.46; 103.77; 103.42; 103.68; 102.94 and 102.73, egg yolk weight 11.10 g; 12.07 g; 11.35 g; 11.71 g; 12.03 g; 11.79 g and 11.18 g, egg yolk color 10.23; 11.27; 11. 83; 12.11; 12.44; 12.44 and 12.83 for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 repeclively. There had not significant differences on content of egg yolk iodine were 0.47 ppm; 0.48 ppm; 0.50 ppm; 0.52 ppm; 0.55 ppm; 0.56 ppm and 0.60 ppm, albumen iodine were 0.23 ppm; 0.24 ppm; 0.26 ppm; 0.28 ppm; 0.29 ppm; 0.31 ppm dan 0.34 ppm for R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 respectively. It can be concluded that the use of seaweed Gracilaria edulis until 15.00% into the diets had not decreased performance of pullet phase and did not increase egg yolk color, also did not increase iodine in the yolk and albumen.

Kata Kunci : Rumput laut Gracilaria edulis, Pakan, Kinerja ayam, Fase pullet, Seaweed Gracilaria edulis, Diets, Chicken’s work, Pullet phase