Komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah pada rehabilitasi lahan bekas galian batu bata

JUWARIYAH, Siti, Prof. Dr. Jusup Subagja, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Aktivitas penggalian tanah untuk pembuatan batu bata telah menghilangkan lapisan tanah bagian atas yang kaya bahan organik dan mikroarthropoda tanah. Komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah merupakan bioindikator kesehatan tanah. Penelitian terhadap komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah pada rehabilitasi lahan bekas galian batu bata bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas penggalian tanah untuk pembuatan batu bata terhadap komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah; mengetahui kemantapan komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah pada lahan bekas galian batu bata dalam jangka waktu berbeda; mengetahui kemantapan komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah pada lahan bekas galian batu bata yang diolah untuk pertanian dan tanpa pengolahan. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Desa Sitimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Lahan yang digunakan delapan buah yaitu lahan pertanian yang belum pernah dilakukan aktivitas penggalian tanah sebagai kontrol; lahan yang sedang dikerjakan untuk pembuatan batu bata; lahan bekas galian batu bata berumur 1, 3, 5 tahun yang diolah untuk pertanian; lahan bekas galian batu bata berumur 1, 3, 5 tahun yang tidak diolah. Pengambilan cuplikan dilakukan lima kali pada Juli 2007 sampai Agustus 2007. Setiap lahan diambil lima cuplikan secara acak. Cuplikan diambil menggunakan bor tanah dan diekstraksi dengan corong Tullgren. Mikroarthropoda tanah yang telah dikoleksi diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Data komunitas dianalisis menggunakan analisis polar ordinasi dua dimensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas penggalian tanah merupakan gangguan terhadap habitat mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah. Perubahan yang terjadi antara lain perubahan kemelimpahan, komposisi, diversitas trofik, pola dispersi maupun kemantapan komunitas. Komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah dapat mengalami pemulihan baik dengan pengolahan maupun tanpa pengolahan. Kemantapan komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah berangsur-angsur meningkat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Lahan bekas galian batu bata yang dibiarkan tanpa pengolahan secara perlahan-lahan mengalami rehabilitasi. Periode rehabilitasi dapat dipercepat dengan pengolahan untuk pertanian. Terdapat fenomena tipe pengolahan dengan pengairan berlebih dapat membatasi pertumbuhan komunitas. Tampaknya waktu dan pengolahan berperan penting membentuk kemantapan komunitas mikroarthropoda tanah pada rehabilitasi lahan bekas galian.

Quarried activity for brick production removes top soil that contains of organic matter and soil microarthropods. Soil microarthropods community is the bioindicator of soil health. The study of soil microarthropods community at rehabilitated brick quarried sites was aimed to understand the effect of quarried activity for brick production upon the soil microarthropods community, the stability of soil microarthropods community at rehabilitated brick quarried sites for different period of time, and the stability of soil microarthropods community at rehabilitated brick quarried sites which are cultivated and uncultivated. The study was conducted at Sitimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, D.I.Yogyakarta Province. The study was conducted at eight quarried fields, they were a field that has not been quarried yet (undisturbed) as control; a field which is being quarried for brick production (newly disturbed); 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years rehabilitated sites which are cultivated for agriculture; and 1year, 3 years, and 5 years rehabilitated sites which are uncultivated. Sampling were conducted in Juli 2007 to Agustus 2007. Five random samples were taken from each site. All samples were taken by soil sampler and extracted by Tullgren funnels. Then the collected soil microarthropods were identified at the laboratory. The data of soil microarthropods community were analyzed by two dimensional polar ordination of analysis. Results of the study revealed that quarried activity disturbed the habitat and caused the change of soil microarthropods community. The change was abudance, composition, trophic diversity, dispersion pattern and stability of the soil microarthropods community. Whereas, the rehabilitation of the quarried sites (by cultivated or not) may recovered the faunal community. The stability of soil microarthropods community gradually increases by time. Brick quarried as bare land without cultivation had been slow rehabilitated. Even, the rehabilitation periods shortened by cultivation for agriculture. There were phenomenon the type of cultivation with high irrigation inhibited the growth of the community. Apparently the time and the cultivation have important roles to the development of the stability of soil microarthropods community in the rehabilitated quarried sites.

Kata Kunci : Komunitas,Mikroarthropoda tanah,Rehabilitasi,Lahan bekas galian batu bata,community, soil microarthropods, rehabilitated, brick quarried sites