Implementasi prinsip-prinsip hukum technical barrier to trade (TBT) agreement dalam rangka standardisasi bidang kehutanan

BAROROH, Nadjimatun, Prof. Dr. Nurhasan Ismail, S.H., M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum

Dengan telah diratifikasinya perjanjian WTO oleh negara Indonesia sesuai Undang- Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization, membawa konsekuensi terhadap peraturan perundangan nasional agar Indonesia terhindar dari berbagai permasalahan hukum. Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) Agreement secara umum mengatur agar penyusunan peraturan teknis, standar pengujian dan sertifikasi, dan ketentuan-ketentuan lainnya tidak akan menimbulkan hambatan teknis perdagangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui bagaimana implementasi prinsipprinsip hukum Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) Agreement terkait perdagangan di Indonesia dan (2) mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan standardisasi bidang kehutanan guna kelancaran perdagangan internasional. Penelitian ini adalah termasuk penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari dokumen-dokumen yang diperoleh dari berbagai pustaka pada perpustakaan Badan Standardisasi Nasional dan Departemen Kehutanan. Selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip hukum Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) Agreement meliputi 7 (tujuh) prinsip yaitu non diskriminasi, menghindari hambatan yang tidak perlu dalam perdagangan, harmonisasi, saling pengakuan (Mutual Recognition) dan ekivalensi/kesetaraan, transparansi, kepentingan/urgensi/pengecualian dalam situasi mendesak serta Code of Good Practice. Implementasi prinsip tersebut dituangkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 102 Tahun 2000 tentang Standardisasi Nasional serta pengaturan Kepala Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) tentang Sistem Standardisasi Nasional (SSN) dan Pedoman Standardisasi Nasional (PSN). Pelaksanaan standarisasi bidang kehutanan didasarkan pada ketentuan tersebut, karena belum ada pengaturan mengenai standardisasi bidang kehutanan. Di samping itu standar bidang kehutanan belum diberlakukan secara wajib dalam bentuk peraturan teknis yang harus menganut aturan main dalam Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) Agreement.

Ratification of WTO Agreement by Indonesia, as stipulated in the Law number 7/1994 pertaining Endorsement of Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), brings consequences to national laws and regulations with the benefit that Indonesia could be unbound to law suits. In general the Agreement regulates that development of technical regulations, standards for grading and certification, and other regulations should not create technical barriers to trade. This research was aimed to: (1) figure out implementation of law principles of TBT Agreement in relation to trade in Indonesia, and (2) figure out implementation of standardization in the forestry sector in Indonesia to facilitate international trading. This research is classified into reserach of normative law. Data employed in this research was secondary data which was collected from documents obtained from libraries of Indonesian National Standardization Agency (i.e. BSN) and the Ministry of Forestry, as well as secondary data from some other sources. Subsequently the data was analized using a qualitative method. Result of this research indicates that principles of law on Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) Agreement consist of 7 (seven) principles, namely: non-discrimination, prevention of unnecessary obstacles to international trade; harmonization, equivalence and mutual recognition, transparency, urgency, and the code of practice. Implementation of these principles is stipulated in the Government Regulation Number 102/2000 pertaining National Standardization, as well as in the Regulation of the Head of Indonesian National Standardization Agency pertaining National Standardization System (i.e. SSN) and National Standardization Guideline (i.e. PSN). Implementation of standardization in the forestry sector has been based on those regulations, since there has been no specific regulation to regulate standardization in the sector. Moreover, implementation of standards in the forestry sector has not been carried out in a mandatory manner in the form of technical regulations to follow the rule of TBT Agreement.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi, prinsip hukum, Technical Barrier to Trade Agreement, Standardisasi Bidang Kehutanan, Implementation, law principles, standardization in the forestry sector