Eksplorasi musuh alami hama kumbang janur kelapa (Brontispa longissima) di Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah

LUMENTUT, Novalisa Tresya Ester, Prof. Dr. Ir. F.X. Wagiman, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Kompleks musuh alami hama Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) dan keragaman serta komposisi artropoda telah di eksplorasi pada ekosistem kelapa di Desa Toboli, Pelawa, Bambalemo, Lemusa, Olo Baru dan Olaya, Kecamatan Parigi, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah dalam bulan November 2007 – Pebruari 2008. Janur sampel diambil dari 10 pohon pada setiap desa secara acak dengan metode transek pada setiap jarak 300 m. Musuh alami hama Brontispa dan artropoda yang ditemukan diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Entomologi Dasar, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Uji predatisme dan parasitasi untuk konfirmasi status artropoda sebagai musuh alami dilakukan di bawah kondisi suhu dan kelembaban ruang di rumah penduduk setempat. Musuh alami yang ditemukan dikelompokkan sebagai predator, parasitoid dan patogen. Predator Cocopet Chelisoches morio Ferrier (Dermaptera : Chelisochidae) memangsa larva, semut (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) memangsa telur. Parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrier (Hymenoptera: Eulopidae) memarasit pupa sebanyak 6,92%. Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae Metch Sorokin (Moniliales: Hypomycetes) patogen larva, pupa, dan imago berturut-turut menyebabkan mortalitas 5,60%, 0,5% dan 2,66%. Indeks Shannon ordo 0,272 sampai 0,373 dan rerata 0,314 ± 0,038, famili 0,297 sampai 0,436 dan rerata 0,366 ± 0,054, menunjukkan diversitas artropoda yang rendah (<1) seperti terjadi pada kondisi eksplosi hama. Pada saat penelitian populasi hama Brontispa pada kondisi eksplosi, selain diversitas rendah komposisi artropoda didominasi oleh hama (74,7%), selebihnya predator (24,5%), parasitoid (0,73%) dan polinator (0,03%).

Natural-enemies complex of the coconut hispine beetle (Brontispa longissima Gestro (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)), diversity and composition of the natural-enemies arthropod had been explored in coconut ecosystem at Parigi Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi Province, during November 2007 – Pebruary 2008. Infested young coconut leaves were taken from 10 trees which were sampled at random with transect method at every 300 m long in six villages of Toboli, Pelawa, Bambalemo, Lemusa, Olo Baru, and Olaya. The collected natural enemies were identified in the Basic Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. Predation and parasitation tests to confirm the arthropod status as a natural enemy were conducted under conditions of room temperature and humidity at local resident house. The collected natural-enemies were grouped into predator, parasitoid, and pathogen. Chelisoches morio Ferrier (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae) were a predatory of Brontispa larvae. Ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) was a predatory of Brontispa eggs. Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrier (Hymenoptera : Eulopidae) was a parasitoid of Brontispa pupae with 6.92% parasitation. Metarhizium anisopliae Metch Sorokin (Moniliales : Hypomycetes) was a pathogenic fungi against larvae, pupae and adults of Brontispa and it caused mortality rates of 5.60, 0.25, and 2.66%, respectively. Shannon index for order arthropod ranged from 0.272 to 0.373 with average of 0.314 ± 0.038, while for family ranged from 0.297 to 0.436 with average of 0.366 ± 0.054, which showed a low diversity (<1) such as occurred at condition of pest explotion. At the research time, the population of Brontispa was under explosion condition; besides arthropod diversity was low, the arthropod composition was predominated by pests (74.7%) then followed by predators (24.5%), parasitoids (0.73%), and pollinator (0.03%)

Kata Kunci : Kelapa,Eksplorasi,Brontispa longissima,Kumbang janur,Coconut, Exploration, Brontispa longissima