Struktur komunitas burung pantai migran di berbagai tipe habitat kawasan lahan basah Tambaksari, Sayung, Demak

QIPTIYAH, Maryatul, Dr. Ir. H. Djuwantoko, M.Sc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas burung pantai migran, makrobenthos, fisik lingkungan udara dan perairan serta hubungan antara struktur komunitas burung pantai migran, makrobenthos dan faktor fisik lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan lahan basah Tambaksari, Sayung, Demak pada bulan Juli – Desember 2007. Pendataan burung dilakukan dengan metode jelajah dan pendataan dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali. Pencuplikan makrobenthos dilakukan pada tiap tipe habitat setiap sebulan sekali. Pengukuran fisik kimia lingkungan meliputi: pH air, salinitas, suhu air, konduktivitas, turbiditas, oksigen terlarut, kadar organik, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekanan udara dan kecepatan angin. Analisis data struktur komunitas meliputi indeks keanekaragaman dan persamaan, untuk komunitas burung dengan menggunakan indeks Brillouin, sedangkan komunitas makrobenthos menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener. Untuk mengetahui pola spasial dan temporal struktur komunitas dan fisik lingkungan dilakukan uji beda (ANOVA atau Kruskal Wallis). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan lebih lanjut dengan melihat pola pengelompokan menggunakan PCA. Analisis hubungan antara berbagai variabel fisik lingkungan dengan struktur komunitas makrobenthos dan burung pantai migran dengan menggunakan CCA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur komunitas burung pantai migran dan struktur komunitas makrobenthos di berbagai habitat memiliki perbedaan yang tidak signifikan baik secara temporal maupun spasial. Faktor fisik lingkungan udara antar habitat berbeda pada variabel suhu udara, sedangkan variabel tekanan udara, kelembaban udara dan kecepatan angin berbeda tidak signifikan. Faktor fisik lingkungan perairan antar habitat di kawasan lahan basah Tambaksari berbeda pada variabel oksigen terlarut (DO), kandungan bahan organik total, pH perairan dan turbiditas. Sedangkan variabel konduktivitas, salinitas dan suhu perairan berbeda tidak signifikan. Kehadiran burung pantai migran dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan makrobenthos dan faktor fisik lingkungan muara, namun variabel yang paling mempengaruhi bervariasi pada setiap tipe habitat. Keberadaan makrobenthos dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik lingkungan perairan, tetapi ada variasi pengaruh variabel lingkungan perairan untuk masing-masing tipe habitat.

The aims of this research are to know the community structure of migratory shorebirds, macrobenthos, physical environmental condition and the relation between the community structure of migratory shorebirds with the macrobenthos and the physical environmental condition. The research was conducted at Tambaksari wetland, Sayung, Demak in July to December 2007. The shorebirds data were collected by scanning method and conducted every two weeks. Macrobenthos sampling was collected in each habitat type every month. Physic-chemical environmental condition was measured i.e. water pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolve oxygen, organic level, air temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed. Data analyses for community stucture are index diversity and index similarity. Index Brillouin was used for birds community, whil Index Shannon- Wiener was used for macrobentos community. ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis Test was used to know the community structure and physical environmental condition. PCA was also used to know deeper about the difference amongst the components. CCA was used to analyze the relation between all physical-environmental variables with the community structure of macrobenthos shorebirds. The result showed that the community stuctures of migratory shorebirds and macrobenthos among the habitats were not significantly different temporally and spatially. Physical environmental of air among the habitats was significantly only in air temperature, while the air pressure, humidity, and wind speed were not significantly different. Physical environmental of waters among the habitats at Tambaksari wetland were significantly different only in dissolve oxygen, total organic matter, waters pH, and turbidity, while in variables of conductivity, salinity, and waters temperature were not significantly different. The presence of migratory shorebirds was influenced by the existing of macrobenthos and the physical environmental condition, but the most influence variable was varying in each habitat type. The presence of macrobenthos was influenced by physical environmental condition of waters, but there is variation of the effect of physical environmental condition of waters for each habitat type.

Kata Kunci : Burung pantai,migran,Komunitas burung,Tambaksari, shorebird, migratory, community, Tambaksari, Demak