Pengembangan komoditas ubi kayu, jagung, vanili, dan kakao berdasarkan potensi lahan di DAS Sempor Kabupaten Kebumen Jawa Tengah

ZAINUDIN, Dr. Ir. Bambang Hendro Sunarminto, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Tanah

Populasi penduduk yang semakin meningkat mendorong pengolahan sumberdaya alam secara tradisional berkembang dengan cepat, tanpa memperhatikan tanah dan lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga menimbulkan degradasi pada lahan. Meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap pangan, sandang dan papan mendesak penggunaan lahan semakin banyak dan intensif serta belum diimbangi dengan laju peningkatan produksi pangan. Komoditas ubi kayu, jagung, vanili, dan kakao merupakan komoditas strategis untuk dikembangkan karena kandungan gizi tinggi serta harga yang relatif terjangkau. Penilaian peruntukan lahan bagi pengembangan komoditas pertanian penting untuk dilakukan karena sifat lahan bervariasi dalam hal jenis tanah, tebal solum, tinggi tempat dari permukaan laut, kemiringan lahan, kebatuan, kesuburan tanah, dan iklim yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei lapangan dan analisis tanah di laboratorium, penilaian lahan dengan metode limitasi sederhana dan limitasi Sys. Hasil survei dan pemetaan tanah diperoleh 8 sub DAS dengan 4 jenis tanah yakni Typic Udorthent, Ruptic Alfic Eutrudept, Inceptic Hapludalf, dan Typic Hapludalf. Penilaian kelas kesesuaian lahan digambarkan dalam bentuk peta menggunakan komputer dengan Sofware ArcView versi 3.3. Kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk komoditas ubikayu S2wrse, S3se dan S3rse. Kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk komoditas jagung S3ns, N1s, N1se dan N1rnse. Kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk komoditas vanili S2twse, S2wfse, S3wse, dan Nrse, sedangkan kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk komoditas kakao S2wrnse, S3nse, N1se dan N1rse.

Increase in population growth has motivated the use of more intensive natural resources by ignoring the condition of soil and the environment. There for it has promoted land degradation. The needs of food, clothing, and housing tend to use land more heavily, eventhough its increasing yield hasn’t been able to catch up the pace. Cassava, maize, vanilla, and cocoa are strategic commodities to be developed, because they are nutritious food and exotic food (vanilla and cocoa) for the society. For successful development of these crops land suitability assessment is needed. There are many kinds of soil with various different characterictics, such as solum thickness, elevation above sea level, slope steepnest, rockiness, fertility, and climatic condition that determine growth and yield of plant. Soil survey and laboratory analysis has been done to support land suitability assessment by means of simple and Sys limitation methods. Results of the study show that there are 8 sub catchment areas with 4 kinds of soils i.e Typic Udorthents, Ruptic Alfic Eutrudepts, Inceptic Hapludalfs, and Typic Hapludalfs. Computer based mapping by using software Arc View version 3.3. shows suitability classes for cassava are S2wrse, S3se, S3rse, maize S3ns, N1s, N1se, N1rnse, vanilla S2twse, S2wfse, S3wse, Nrse and cocoa S2wrnse, S3nse, N1se, N1rse. The limitation factors for developments are solum thickness, temperature, available water, erosion, flood, and nutrient retensivity.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan,Potensi lahan,Ubi kayu,Jagung,Vanili,Kakao, Land suitability evaluation, land potentiality, cassava, maize, vanilla, cocoa, simple or Sys limitation methods.