Analisis perilaku petani terhadap risiko usahatani lidah buaya di Pontianak

IMELDA, Dr. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, SP, M. Ec

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui perbedaan pendapatan usahatani lidah buaya pola monokultur dan pola multikultur, (2) mengetahui risiko biaya, risiko produksi dan risiko pendapatan usahatani lidah buaya pola monokultur dan pola multikultur, (3) mengetahui perilaku petani terhadap risiko usahatani lidah buaya, dan (4) menentukan faktor – faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi perilaku petani terhadap risiko usahatani lidah buaya. Daerah penelitian ditentukan secara purposive di Kecamatan Pontianak Utara dengan pertimbangan Kecamatan Pontianak Utara sebagai pusat pengembangan komoditas lidah buaya di Kalimantan Barat. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis biaya dan pendapatan, analisis koefisien variansi (CV), fungsi utilitas kuadratik dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani lidah buaya pola monokultur lebih kecil dibandingkan usahatani lidah buaya pola multikultur. Risiko biaya, risiko produksi dan risiko pendapatan usahatani lidah buaya pola monokultur lebih tinggi dibandingkan usahatani lidah buaya pola multikultur. Petani lidah buaya pola monokultur yang berperilaku berani terhadap risiko sebanyak 40,74 % sedangkan petani lidah buaya pola multikultur hanya sebanyak 7,89 %. Petani lidah buaya pola monokultur yang berperilaku enggan terhadap risiko sebanyak 14,82 % sedangkan petani lidah buaya pola multikultur hanya sebanyak 28,95 %. Petani lidah buaya pola monokultur yang berperilaku netral terhadap risiko sebanyak 44,44 % sedangkan petani lidah buaya pola multikultur sebanyak 63,16 %. Perilaku petani terhadap risiko dipengaruhi oleh umur petani, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, pengalaman berusahatani, dummy pola tanam dan dummy etnis (ras) petani. Pertambahan pengalaman berusahatani akan meningkatkan keberanian petani terhadap risiko usahataninya, sedangkan pertambahan umur dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga akan meningkatkan keengganan petani terhadap risiko usahataninya. Petani lidah buaya pola monokultur lebih berani terhadap risiko dibandingkan petani lidah buaya pola multikultur dan petani etnis Cina lebih berani terhadap risiko dibandingkan petani etnis non Cina.

The aims of this research was : (1) to find out the differences of income between aloe vera farming system with monoculture cropping pattern and multicultural cropping pattern, (2) to find out the risk of cost, the risk of production, and the risk of income from aloe vera farming with monoculture cropping pattern and multicultural cropping pattern, (3) to find out the farmer behavior to the risk of aloe vera farming system, and (4) to determine social economic factors that influence the farmer behavior to the risk of aloe vera farming. Research area was determined by purposive in sub district of North Pontianak with the consideration that sub district of North Pontianak as center of development of aloe vera in West Kalimantan. Analysis that implemented in this research was cost and income analysis, coefficient of variation analysis (CV), quadratic utility function and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the income aloe vera farmer with monoculture cropping pattern is lower than aloe vera farmer with multicultural cropping pattern. The risk of cost, risk of production and risk of income of aloe vera farming with monoculture cropping pattern is higher than multicultural cropping pattern. There were 40,74 % aloe vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern who show behavioral risk lover while there were just 7,89 % aloe vera farmers with multicultural cropping pattern. There were only 14,82 % aloe vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern who show behavioral risk averse while there were 28,95 % aloe vera farmers with multicultural cropping pattern. The remain of risk farmers were risk neutral, namely 44,44% aloe vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern and 63,16 % aloe vera farmers with multicultural cropping pattern. Farmer behavior to the risk influenced by farmer’s age, total family responsibility, farmer’s experience, cropping pattern dummy and farmer ethnical dummy. The increasing of farmer’s experience will increase the lover to his farm risk, while the increasing of farmer’s age and total family responsibility will increase the farmer’s averse to his farm risk. Aloe vera farmer with monoculture cropping pattern is risk lover than aloe vera farmer with multicultural cropping pattern and farmer with Chinese ethnical is risk lover than farmer with non Chinese ethnical.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku petani,risiko usahatani,lidah buaya, Farmer behavior, risk of farming system, aloe vera