Pengaruh diskusi kelompok kecil (DKK) terhadap perencanaan obat di puskesmas Kabupaten Sambas

HAN, Yusuf, Dra. I.M. Sunarsih, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Secara umum perencanaan obat di puskesmas Kabupaten Sambas masih belum dilaksanakan dengan baik, yaitu belum mempertimbangkan stok optimum, waktu tunggu dan sisa stok. Akibatnya ada beberapa jenis obat yang berlebih, obat kurang atau kosong, obat-obat diluar DOEN (Daftar Obat Esensial Nasional), obat kadaluarsa/rusak dan perbedaan pencatatan kartu stok dengan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petugas pengelola obat terhadap ketepatan perencanaan obat di puskesmas Kabupaten Sambas. Dalam penelitian ini, diharapkan DKK dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petugas pengelola obat dalam melakukan perencanaan obat di puskesmas. Metode Penelitian : merupakan penelitian eksperimental semu dengan rancangan sebelum dan sesudah dengan kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan di puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Sambas, dengan subyek penelitian adalah petugas pengelola obat. Dari 22 puskesmas dipilih dengan kriteria petugas pengelola obat telah bertugas lebih dari 6 bulan, jarak yang ditempuh ke puskesmas tidak lebih dari 100 km dari GFK, sehingga diperoleh 18 puskesmas, kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan geografis. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan ditabulasi dianalisis anova dan uji-t. Hasil : pada kelompok intervensi DKK terjadi peningkatan bermakna skor pengetahuan dari 74 menjadi 85 (p<0,05), peningkatan persentase kesesuaian item obat yang tersedia dengan DOEN, prosentase tingkat kecukupan obat yang aman, persentase ketepatan permintaan obat, persentase jumlah obat yang rusak, persentase jumlah obat yang kadaluarsa dan prosentase rata-rata bobot variasi persediaan (p<0,05). Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol hanya sedikit berubah. Analisa anova menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok intervensi DKK dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan : bahwa intervensi DKK dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan petugas pengelola obat dalam perencanaan obat.

Background: Drug planning at the health center of Sambas District has not been well implement. Calculation has not based on actual needs, not consider optimum stock, waiting time, and the remaining stock which is used as the base for drug request to the pharmacy warehouse. Consequently, some types of drugs rarely used are piled up, meanwhile there are certain drugs unavailable/lacking. Besides there were some drugs not listed in national essential drug list. Moreover, there are some damaged/expired drugs at the health center. The drug record on stock card differed from the physical availability of drugs. In this study it was expected that small group discussion (SGD) can improve knowledge and skills of drug managing staff in the planning of drugs at the health center. Objective: To improve the knowledge and skills of drug managing staff for accuracy of drug planning at the health center of district of Sambas. Methods: The study was a quasi experimental with pretest – posttest control group design. It was carried out at the health centers of Sambas District with drug managing staff as subject of the study. Out of 22 health centers, certain criteria were specified; i.e. staff had been in charge of drug management for more than 6 months, the distance of health center from district pharmacy warehouse was not more than 100 km, so that in the end, there were 18 health centers split into 2 groups based on the geographical. Data obtained were collected, tabulated and analyzed using anova and t-test. Result: In the group with intervention there was significant increase of knowledge from 74 to 85, score 0 - 100 (p<0.05) and skills toward drug planning indicators, i.e. relevance with national essential drug list 2,01%, percentage of safe drug sufficiency 11,46%, percentage of drug demand accuracy 18,82%, percentage of damaged drugs 0,25%, percentage of expired drugs 2,23% and percentage of average availability variation 2,03% (p<0.05), The result of anova analysis showed that there was significant difference between the SGD intervention group and the control group. Conclusion: The intervention with small group discussion could improve knowledge and skills of drug managing staff in relation to drug planning.

Kata Kunci : Diskusi kelompok kecil,Perencanaan obat,Ketrampilan dan pengentahuan, drugs planning, small group discussion, knowledge and skills