Peran dasa wisma dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (PSN DBD) di Kelurahan Simpang Tiga, Kecamatan Bukit Raya Kota Pekanbaru
MIKLON, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D
2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang : Pengendalian penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan program prioritas WHO, termasuk di Indonesia. Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk DBD (PSN DBD) merupakan upaya yang paling efektif dan efisien untuk menurunkan kasus DBD. PSN DBD akan berhasil apabila dilaksanakan secara terus menerus dengan melibatkan seluruh komponen masyarakat, termasuk dasa wisma. Dasa wisma adalah kelompok masyarakat yang strategis dan potensial untuk diberdayakan dalam PSN DBD. Sampai saat ini PSN DBD belum mampu menurunkan kasus DBD di Indonesia, termasuk di Kel, Simpang Tiga, Kec. Bukit Raya, Kota Pekanbaru. Partisipasi dasa wisma belum optimal dalam pelaksanaan PSN DBD. Tujuan : Memperoleh deskripsi pelaksanaan PSN DBD di Kel. Simpang Tiga, Kec. Bukit Raya, Kota Pekanbaru dan faktor penyebab belum optimalnya partisipasi dasa wisma terhadap kegiatan tersebut. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan eksplorasi dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan utama adalah anggota dan pengurus dasa wisma, informan pendukung adalah tokoh agama (TOGA), tokoh masyarakat (TOMA), perangkat lurah, Tim Penggerak PKK dan pihak puskesmas. Informan utama untuk DKT dipilih secara stratified purposeful, informan untuk wawancara mendalam dengan teknik snowball. Pengumpulan data melalui DKT, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Untuk keabsahan data dilakukan triangulasi metode dan sumber. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Bentuk kegiatan PSN DBD yang dilaksanakan sudah cukup baik, demikian juga pemahaman informan tentang PSN DBD dan manfaatnya, tetapi pola pelaksanaannya masih bersifat individual serta situasional. Faktor pengetahuan, waktu, kesadaran masyarakat dan pembinaan aparat yang kurang serta tidak adanya JUKLAK dan JUKNIS merupakan hambatan bagi dasa wisma untuk berpartisipasi secara optimal dalam kegiatan tersebut. Peran TOGA dan TOMA dalam mensosialisikan PSN kepada warga masih bersifat insidentil, karena keterbatasan pengetahuan, waktu dan aturan organisasi. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan masih relatif tingginya kasus DDB di Kelurahan Simpang Tiga. Untuk masa yang akan datang, agar PSN DBD dapat menurunkan kasus DBD, upaya yang perlu dilakukan, antara lain, adanya kerja sama puskesmas dengan instansi terkait (termasuk organisasi keagamaan), pelatihan juru pemantau jentik, pembentukan tim monitoring pelaksanaan PSN DBD, meningkatkan peran RT dan RW untuk menggerakkan warga masyarakat berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan PSN DBD. Kesimpulan : Bentuk kegiatan PSN DBD dan pemahaman dasa wisma terhadap manfaat PSN DBD cukup baik, tetapi pola pelaksanaannya masih bersifat individual serta situasional. Keterbatasan pengetahuan, waktu, kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat, minimnya pembinaan dari aparat dan tidak adanya JUKLAK dan JUKNIS merupakan faktor penghambat belum optimalnya partisipasi dasa wisma dalam pelaksanaan PSN DBD.
Background: The control of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a priority program of WHO as well as in Indonesia. The eradication of DHF mosquito breeding place carried out continuously involving all components of the community including dasa wisma is the most effective and efficient effort to minimize DHF cases. Dasa wisma is a strategic and potential community group to be empowered in DHF mosquito breeding place eradication. To date DHF mosquito breeding place eradication is still unable to minimize DHF cases in Indonesia, including at Simpang Tiga Village, Bukit Raya Sub-Regency, Pekanbaru City. Participation of dasa wisma his not yet optimum in the implementation of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication. Objective: To obtain understanding and description on the implementation of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication at Simpang Tiga Village, Bukit Raya Sub-Regency, Pekanbaru City and factors affecting optimum participation of dasa wisma in the program activities. Method: This was a qualitative study with explorative design and phenomenological approach. The main informen were members and managers of dasa wisma as well as, supporting informen were leaders of religious community, leaders of the community, staff of village office, team of family welfare affairs motivators and the health center. The main informen for focus group discussion were determined with maximum variation sampling technique; informen for indepth interview were determined with snowball technique. Data collecting by focus group discussion, in depth interview, and observation. To validate the data was by triangulation method and source. Result and discussion: Activities of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication and understanding of informen about the advantages of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication were relatively good. However, the implementation of activities was individual and situational. Factors of knowledge, time, awareness of the community and supervision from the authorities which was lacking and absence of operational and technical guidelines were constraints of dasa wisma to participate well in the activities. The role of religious and community leaders in the socialization of mosquito breeding place eradication to the community was still accidental due to limited knowledge, time and organizational bureaucracies. All of these caused high prevalence of DHF cases at Simpang Tiga Village. To minimize cases of DHF in the future, there should be cooperation between health centers and related insitutions (including religious institutions), training for larvae monitoring staff, the establishment of implementation monitoring team of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication, improvement of the role of neighborhood cluster and community cluster in the implementation of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication. Conclusion: Activities of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication and understanding of dasa wisma about the advantages of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication were relatively good, although the implementation was still individual and situational. Limited knowledge, time, awareness of the community and supervision of the authorities as well as absence of operational and technical guidelines were factors which caused non optimum participation of dasa wisma in the implementation of DHF mosquito breeding place eradication.
Kata Kunci : Dasa wisma,Pemberantasan sarang nyamuk demam berdarah dengue,PSN DBD, dasa wisma, dengue hemorrhagic fever, mosquito breeding place eradication
