Persepsi, budaya, dan praktek pemberian air susu ibu eksklusif di Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Propinsi Sumatera Barat

SUPRATIWI, Nora, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: ASI eksklusif merupakan program prioritas sesuai dengan Deklarasi Innocenti (Italia) tahun 1990. Pemerintah Indonesia tahun 2000 mentargetkan 80% ibu-ibu di Indonesia memberikan ASI eksklusif. Kabupaten Dharmasraya, khususnya di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gunung Medan, pencapaian ASI eksklusif tahun 2006 hanya sebesar 19,40%. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengkaji persepsi, budaya dan praktek masyarakat dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian kualitatif dengan informan utama ibu menyusui, didukung oleh informan dukun terlatih dan bidan. Penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gunung Medan Kabupaten Dharmasraya Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode constant comparative method. Untuk mendapatkan keabsahan data dilakukan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil dan Pembahasan: ASI tidak keluar pada hari pertama menyebabkan bidan maupun ibu memberikan susu formula. Persepsi ibu dan dukun menyebabkan pemberian MP-ASI lebih dini. Budaya yang berkaitan dengan pantangan dan anjuran selama menyusui dan promosi susu formula yang dilakukan oleh bidan dan dukungan yang diberikan orangtua mempengaruhi pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh ASI tidak keluar pada hari pertama, promosi susu formula yang dilakukan oleh bidan, budaya yang berkaitan dengan pemberian makanan pralaktasi yang dilakukan oleh dukun dan keluarga serta pemberian MP-ASI dini.

Background: Exclusive ASI is a priority program based on Declaration of Innocenti (Italia) in the year of 1990. The Indonesian government in the year of 2000 targeted 80% of mothers in Indonesia gave exclusive ASI. Dharmasraya district especially in the working area of Primary Health Care of Gunung Medan showed that the achievement of exclusive ASI in the year of 2006 reached up to 19,40%. Objective: This research was aimed to find out perception, cultural, and practice of community in giving exclusive ASI. Method: This was a qualitative research with main informant of breastfeeding mother, and supported by trained traditional healer and midwife informant. Research was conducted in the working area of Primary Health Care of Gunung Medan district, Dharmasraya province of West Sumatera. Data was collected with indepth interview, focus group discussion and observation. Data was analysed with constant comparative method. In order to obtain data validity, source and method triangulation was used. Result: ASI that could not came out in the first day caused midwife and mother gave powder milk to the baby. This perception caused giving early MP-ASI (compliment food for ASI) to the baby. A culture that was related with prohibition and suggestion during breastfeeding and promotion of powder milk was applied by midwife and supported by parents that were influenced by giving exclusive ASI. Conclusion: Giving exlusive ASI was influenced by ASI that could not came out in the first day, promotion of powder milk that was conducted by midwife, and culture that was related with giving pralactation food that was conducted by traditional healer and family as well giving early MP-ASI.

Kata Kunci : ASI eksklusif,Ibu menyusui,persepsi,budaya,Praktek menyusui,Exclusive ASI, breastfeeding mother, perception, culture, practice of breastfeeding