Pengaruh pelatihan model sekolah sehat pada guru SD terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat siswa SD di Kabupaten Bulungan - Kalimantan Timur

SIDHARAHARDJA, Ida Bagus K, dr. Gandes Retno R, M.Med.Ed, Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Konsep hidup sehat yang tercermin pada perilaku sehat perlu ditanamkan sedini mungkin kepada anak usia sekolah. Kesehatan siswa berhubungan dengan tingkat kehadiran dan prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat siswa, perlu peningkatan kualitas dan jangkauan kegiatan UKS. Suatu sekolah sehat (health promoting school) adalah sekolah yang seluruh komponennya bekerja sama memberikan pengalaman positif secara terpadu dan terstruktur, mempromosikan dan memelihara kesehatan siswa. Sebagai upaya pengembangan sekolah sehat, pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru terhadap masalah kesehatan perlu ditingkatkan dengan pelatihan. Tujuan: Mengkaji pengaruh pelatihan model sekolah sehat pada guru SD terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat siswa SD. Metode: Jenis penelitian quasi experiment dengan rancangan non randomized pretest-posttest control groups design. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 160 siswa (kelas 4 dan 5) dari 2 SD perlakuan dan 2 kontrol. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tanjung Selor, Kabupaten Bulungan. Analisis data menggunakan t-test (paired dan independent) dan simple linear regression untuk mengkaji pengaruh pelatihan terhadap pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat siswa. Hasil: Setelah pelatihan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru SD, selanjutnya guru mengimplementasikan rencana kegiatan sekolah sehat yang telah dibuat. Hasil paired t-test menunjukkan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pre-posttest pengetahuan dan perilaku siswa kelompok perlakuan. Perbedaan bermakna juga terlihat dari hasil independent t-test antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol (ρ<0,05). Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa intervensi mempunyai hubungan positif dan bermakna (p=0,00) dengan koefisien determinan (R2) pengetahuan siswa = 0,805 dan perilaku sehat siswa = 0,861. Kesimpulan: Intervensi melalui pelatihan sekolah sehat pada Guru SD berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku sehat siswa SD.

Background: The health life concept that manifest in the health behavior is necessary to be introduced as early as possible to the students. The students’ healthy influences to their presentation and achivement. To increase the students’of knowledge and health behavior, it needs to increase the quality and scope of UKS (School Health Program) activities. A health school (health promoting school) is the one whose members work together to provide students with an integrated positive experiences and structures which promote and take care of the student’s healthy. To develop a model of health school, it is important to increase teachers’ knowledge and skill above health problems by training. Objective: To study the influence of the training of health school model to elementary school teachers to the increase of knowledge and health behavior of elementary school students. Method: This was a quasi experimental study with pretest-posttest control groups design. The sample of the research was 160 students (grade 4 and 5) of 2 intervention elementary schools and 2 control ones. The research was done in Tanjung Selor, Bulungan District. Data was analyzed with ttest (paired and independent) and simple linear regression to study the influence of the intervention to the increase of knowledge and student health behavior. Result: After the training, there was increase of elementary school teachers’ knowledge and skills. Furthermore, the teachers have pioneerd to implement their plan of action. There was significant difference on student knowledge and behaviour both tested by paired and independent t-test (ρ<0,05). Simple linear regression showed the intervention has positif and significant relation (ρ<0,05) with determinant coefficients (R2) of knowledge is 0,805 and health behavior of students is 0,861. Conclusion: Intervention of health school model by elementary school teachers training shows significant effect to the increase of knowledge and health behavior of elementary school students.

Kata Kunci : Guru SD,Sekolah sehat,Health promoting school,Promosi kesehatan,elementary school teachers; health school; health promoting school.