Pendidikan kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pasien DM tipe-2 di RSUD Ade Mohammad Djoen Sintang

HARIONO, Agus, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronik dan sulit untuk disembuhkan, tetapi dapat dikendalikan melalui pendidikan kesehatan, perencanaan makan, olahraga dan obat-obatan. Pendidikan kesehatan diabetik dapat dilaksanakan secara reguler dan kontinyu dengan menggunakan metode dan media yang tepat sasaran, seperti penggunaan teknik konseling individu dan kelompok serta pemberian booklet. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan melalui konseling kelompok dan konseling individu dengan media booklet terhadap pengetahuan tentang pengendalian kadar gula darah, sikap terhadap pengendalian kadar gula darah dan perilaku dalam pengendalian kadar gula darah serta kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe-2. Metode : Quasi experimental study dengan rancangan pre-test and posttest with control design. Responden penelitian ini adalah 64 pasien DM tipe-2 yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dibagi dalam kelompok eksperimen (32 responden) yang diberi konseling kelompok dan booklet, dan kelompok kontrol (32 responden) diberi konseling individu dan booklet. Pengambilan data pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku menggunakan kuesioner. Kadar gula darah yang diukur adalah kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah makan dengan teknik glucose oxidase . Analisis data menggunakan chi square dan t-test dengan tingkat signifikansi p≤0,05. Hasil : Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku tentang pengendalian kadar gula darah, dan penurunan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe-2 secara bermakna (p<0,05) baik pada kelompok ekperimen maupun kelompok kontrol. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pengendalian kadar gula darah, dan penurunan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe-2 yang diberi pendidikan kesehatan tentang pengendalian kadar gula darah. Kesimpulan : Pendidikan kesehatan tentang pengendalian kadar gula darah melalui konseling kelompok dan booklet, dan melalui konseling individu dan booklet setara dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pengendalian kadar gula darah, sikap terhadap pengendalian kadar gula darah dan perilaku dalam pengendalian kadar gula darah, dan menurunkan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe-2.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which is difficult to cure, but it can be controlled through health education, diet, exercises and drugs. Health education should be carried out regularly and continuously using methods and media relevant with the target, such as use of individual and group counseling technique and booklet. Objective: To identify the effect of health education through group counseling and individual counseling using booklet on the increasing of knowledge of blood glucose control, attitude toward blood glucose control and healthy behavior of blood glucose control, as well as in decreasing blood glucose of DM type 2 patients. Method: This was a quasi experiment with pre-test and post-test control design. Respondents of the study were 64 DM type 2 patients who were purposively chosen. They were divided into experiment group (32 respondents) which was a group with counseling and booklet, as well as control group (32 respondents) which was given individual counseling and booklet. Data of knowledge, attitude and behavior were obtained through questionnaire. Data of blood glucose was measured 2 hours after food consumption using glucose oxidase technique. Data analysis used chi square and t-test at significance level p≤0.05. Result: There were increasing in knowledge of blood glucose control, attitude of blood glucose control and behavior of blood glucose control and significant decreasing of blood glucose of DM type 2 patients (p<0.05) in both experiment group and control group. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the experiment group and control group in knowledge, attitude and behavior of blood glucose control, as well as the decrease of blood glucose of DM type 2 patients. Conclusion: Health education of management blood glucose through group counseling and booklet, as well as through individual counseling and booklet equally improved knowledge, attitude and behavior of blood glucose control and reduced blood glucose of DM type 2 patients.

Kata Kunci : Diabetes mellitus tipe,2,Pendidikan kesehatan,Konseling individu dan kelompok,Kadar gula darah,diabetes mellitus type 2, health education, individual and group counseling, booklet, blood glucose control