Analisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan tenaga pelaksana gizi (TPG) dalam melaksanakan program gizi di puskesmas Kabupaten Tanah Datar

PURWANTO, Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang Masalah: Keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu negara dapat dilihat dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Indeks Kemiskinan Manusia (IKM). Faktor gizi merupakan faktor utama yang berperan dalam peningkatan Sumberdaya Manusia (SDM). SDM yang rendah akan menghambat keberhasilan pembangunan Nasional. Di Kabupaten Tanah Datar tahun 2006 masih terdapat masalah dalam mencapai target program gizi yaitu: a)cakupan kecamatan bebas rawan gizi 50% dari target 77%; b)keberhasilan penimbangan N/D 72,28% dari target 76%; c)cakupan pendistribusian kapsul minyak beryodium 70% dari target 80%. Tujuan: Menganalisis Faktor internal dan eksternal yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan TPG dalam melaksanakan tugas program gizi di Puskesmas. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Se-Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September s/d Desember 2007. Sebagai variabel terikat adalah Keberhasilan TPG dalam Melaksanakan Tugas program gizi di Puskesmas, sedangkan variabel bebas adalah faktor internal TPG (pendidikan, pelatihan, pengetahuan, lama kerja, sikap, motivasi kerja), dan faktor ekstenal TPG (beban kerja, supervisi, insentif, sarana, struktur organisasi, penetapan indikator). Untuk melihat keragaman masingmasing variabel digunakan analisis diskriptif, sedangkan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel digunakan analisis korelasi partial dan Spearman Rho untuk variabel berskala ordinal dengan program komputer. Hasil Penelitian: Dari uji korelasi partial dan Spearman Rho, variabel pendidikan, pengetahuan, motivasi, supervisi, dukungan pemimpin, sarana, struktur organisasi, penetapan indikaor berhubungan secara signifikan (p<0,05) sedangkan variabel pelatihan, pengalaman kerja, sikap, beban kerja, dan insentif tidak berhubungan (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Variabel internal yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan TPG adalah motivasi, pengetahuan, pendidikan sedangkan variabel eksternal adalah struktur organisasi, dukungan pemimpin, penetapan indikator, sarana, dan supervisi.

Background: The success of development in a country is indicated from Human Resources Index and Poverty Index. Nutrition is a major factor which has an important role in the development of human resources. Low quality of human resources will inhibit the success of national development. At District of Tanah Datar 2006 there were problems of nutrition program target achievement; i.e a) coverage of subdistrict free from nutrition problem was 50% of the target of 77%; b) achievement of weighing was 72.28% of the target of 76%; c) coverage of iodinized oil capsule distribution was 70% of the target of 80%. Objective: To analyze internal and external factors related to the achievement of nutrition staff in carrying out nutrition program at the health center. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. It was conducted at all health centers of District of Tanah Datar and carried out from September to December 2007. The dependent variable was achievement of nutrition staff in nutrition program implementation at the health center, whereas the dependent variable were internal factors of nutrition staff (education, training, knowledge, length of occupation, attitude, motivation) and external factors of nutrition staff (workload, supervision, incentive, facilities, organizational structure, indicator specification). Descriptive analysis was used to look at varieties of each variable whereas partial and Spearman Rho correlation were used to identify relationship among variables. Result: The result of partial and Spearman Rho correlation showed that variables of education, knowledge, motivation, supervision, leadership support, facilities, organizational structure and indicator specification had significant relationship with achievement (p<0.05), whereas variables of training, experience, attitude, workload and incentive had no relationship with achievement (p>0.05). Conclusion: Internal variables related to achievement of nutrition staff were motivation, knowledge and education, whereas external variables related to achievement of nutrition staff were organizational structure, leadership support, indicator specification, facilities and supervision

Kata Kunci : Tenaga Pelaksana Gizi,(TPG),Puskesmas,Program gizi,nutrition staff, health center, achievement, internal factors, external factors.