Hubungan faktor input dan proses pelaksanaan program gizi dengan cakupan program gizi posyandu di Kabupaten Tebo Propinsi Jambi

MAJAZI, Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Gizi yang baik akan menghasilakn SDM yang berkualitas. Keberhasilan program gizi di posyandu dapat diukur dengan peran serta masyarakat dalam melaksanakan penimbangan di posyandu. Sistem pelayanan kesehatan di posyandu merupakan suatu rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berpengaruh mulai dari input, proses dan output. Partisipasi masyarakat (D/S) di Kabupaten Tebo baru mencapai 57,20%. Rendahnya cakupan program gizi bisa berdampak terhadap munlculnya kasus gizi buruk yang seharusnya dapat dicegah melalui penimbangan di posyandu. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis apakah faktor input dan proses berhubungan dengan cakupan program gizi di posyandu. Metode: Penelitian merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 94 posyandu di Kabupaten Tebo Propinsi Jambi Unit analisis adalah posyandu dengan subjek penelitian posyandu dan kader Pengumpulan data melalui observasi serta pemeriksaan dokumen menggunakan kuesioner, Pengolahan dan analisis data adalah univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil Penelitian : Posyandu tenaga cukup 55,3%, sarana lengkap 69,1%, dana cukup 41,5%`dan organisasi baik 59,6% . Posyandu perencanaan kurang baik 95,7%, pelaksanaan kurang baik 90,4%, dan evaluasi kurang baik 88,3%. Posyandu dengan cakupan program baik 69,1%, partisipasi masyarak kurang 85%, kelangsungan penimbangan kurang 83%, keberhasilan program kurang 89,4%, distribusi Vitamin A kurang 86,2%, distribusi Fe kurang 80,9%. Hasil analisis bivariat, tenaga dan organisasi berhubungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelansungan program, distribusi Vit. A dan Fe. Sarana berhubungan dengan cakupan program. Dana berhungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelangsungan program , keberhasilan program, Vit. A dan Fe. Perencanaan tidak berhubungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelansungan program, keberhasilan program, Vit. A dan Fe. Pelaksanaan dan evaluasi tidak berhubungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelangsungan penimbangan, keberhasilan program, Vit. A, Hasil Multivariat, yang berhungan dengan cakupan program adalah tenaga, sarana dan dana. sedangkan partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan program berhubungan dengan dana, Kesimpulan : Tenaga dan organisasi berhubungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelansungan program, Vit. A dan Fe, sarana berhubungan dengan cakupan program, dana berhungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelangsungan progaram, keberhasilan program , Vit. A dan Fe, perencanaan tidak berhubungan dengan cakupan program, partisipasi masyarakat, kelansungan penimbanagan, keberhasilan program , Vit. A dan Fe, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi berhubungan dengan distribusi Fe. dan faktor dominan berhubungan dengan cakupan program adalah tenaga, dana, sarana, faktor dominan dengan partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan program adalah dana.

Background: Good nutrition will produce quality human resources. The success of nutrition program of integrated service post (posyandu) can be measured through community participation in weighing activities at integrated service post. Health service system at posyandu is a range of activities which influences each other covering input, process and output. Community participation at District of Tebo is just as much as 57.20%. Low coverage of nutrition program may cause the prevalence of malnutrition which can be prevented through weigthing at posyandu Objective: The study aimed to identify the relationship between factors of input and process and the coverage of nutrition program at posyandu Method: The study was observational with quantitative approach and cross sectional design. It was carried out at 94 integrated service posts located at District of Tebo, Province of Jambi. The analysis unit were integrated service posts and the subject consisted of integrated service post and cadres that fulfilled both inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were obtained through observation and questionnaire and analyzed using univariable, bivariable and multivariable statistical test. Result: Integrated service posts had adequate human resources (55.3%), adequate budget (41.5%), good organizational budget (59.6%). Integrated service post had poor planning (95.7%), poor performance (90.4%) and poor evaluation (88.3%). Integrated service post had good program coverage (61.9%), poor coverage of community participation (85%), poor coverage of weighing continuity (83%), low coverage of program's success (89.4%), low coverage of vitamin A (86.2%), low coverage of Fe (80.9%). The result of multivariable analysis showed that human resources, facilities and budget had significant relationship with program coverage. There was significant relationship between community participation and program's success and budget. The result of bivariable analysis showed that there was significant relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Conclusion: There was relationship between human resources and program's coverage, community participation, weighing continuity, supply of vitamin A and Fe; there was relationship between facilities and program's coverage; there was relationship between budget and program's coverage, community participation, weighing continuity, supply of vitamin A and Fe; there was no relationship between planning and program's coverage, community participation, weighing continuity, supply of vitamin A and Fe; there was no relationship between the implementation of nutrition program and program's coverage, community participation, weighing continuity, supply of vitamin A; there was no relationship between evaluation and program's coverage, community participation, weighing continuity and supply of vitamin A. Factors dominantly related to program's coverage were human resources, budget, facilities and factors dominantly related to community participation and program's success was budget.

Kata Kunci : Posyandu,Gizi,Program,Pelayanan kesehatan,input, process, coverage, nutrition program, integrated service post