Pesepsi masyarakat terhadap penanggulangan penyakit flu burung di Kecamatan Bongas Kabupaten Indramayu

YULIANINGSIH, Nengsih, Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Kasus flu burung di Jawa Barat merupakan kasus tertinggi di Indonesia, sedangkan Kabupaten Indramayu menempati urutan pertama dalam jumlah kasus. Promosi penanggulangan flu burung telah dilakukan baik oleh Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan maupun oleh Dinas Kesehatan, tetapi kasus positif flu burung tetap bermunculan terutama pada unggas. Hal ini berhubungan dengan masyarakat yang mempunyai persepsi tertentu terhadap penanggulangan flu burung. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap penanggulangan flu burung di Kecamatan Bongas Kabupaten Indramayu. Metode Penelitian: Merupakan penelitian kualitatif fenomenologi. Informan utama adalah masyarakat peternak unggas di Kecamatan Bongas Kabupaten Indramayu, didukung oleh petugas penanggulangan flu burung dari Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan, Dinas Kesehatan dan petugas puskesmas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 2 desa di Kecamatan Bongas Kabupaten Indramayu yang merupakan lokasi korban flu burung pada manusia. Cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi sebagai pembanding hasil wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan metode constant comparative analysis. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Informan belum memahami penyakit flu burung.Informan mengganggap flu burung bukan penyakit yang membahayakan bagi mereka. Pencegahan belum dilaksanakan secara benar dan penanganan terhadap unggas yang mati mendadak belum dilaksanakan secara benar, yaitu dengan membuang ke sungai. Petugas penanggulangan flu burung baik dari Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan maupun dari Dinas Kesehatan sudah melaksanakan penanggulangan flu burung, tetapi hanya pada waktu kasus flu burung pada manusia terjadi. Promosi penanggulangan flu burung belum sepenuhnya dimengerti oleh informan. Kesimpulan: Flu burung dipersepsikan oleh masyarakat bukan penyakit yang membahayakan baik bagi manusia maupun unggas di Kecamatan Bongas. Bagi pemegang kewenangan diharapkan melakukan program promosi kesehatan dalam memberikan pengertian dan penanggulangan flu burung di masyarakat.

Background: The avian flu case in West Java is the highest in Indonesia. Indramayu Regency had the highest number in West Java. The promotion to avian flu eradication have been practiced by both Agriculture and Farming Department and by Health Department, but the avian flu cases remained high, especially in fowl. It is assumed that it correlated to the community perception on avian flu and avian flu eradication. Objectives: To study the community’s perception on avian flu and its eradication in Bongas Sub-distric, Indramayu Regency. Methods: The research was qualitative using phenomenology approach. The primary informant were poultry farming society in Bongas Sub-district, Indramayu Regency, staff from Agriculture and Farming Department, Health Department and Community Health Center staff. The research was carried out in two villages in Bongas Sub-district, which have human victim. Data was collected through indepth interview and observation, while analysis was done by constant comparative approach. Triangulation of sources and method were used to obtain data validity. Results and discussion: The informant understood avian flu disease differently. They perceived avian flu disease both in human and birds as ordinary disease.The prevention had not been performed correctly by the informant based on the Department of Health standars The activity response to the sudden fowl death by the informant was mostly by throwing them to the river. The avian flu eradication official, both from Agriculture and Livestock Department and from Health Department have been performing avian flu eradication activities, but only in avian flu experienced by human. The promotion to eradicate avian flu have not been understood completely by the informant. Conclusions: Avian flu was not perceived as a dangerous disease to human and fowl in Bongas Sub-district. The authorities are supposed to conduct thorough promotion program which based on the community’s understanding and practice on the avian flu eradication effort.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi masyarakat,Penanggulangan,Flu burung, community’s perception, eradication, avian flu