Persepsi wanita tentang kanker payudara dan perilakunya dalam melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) :: Studi terhadap wanita berisiko kanker payudara di kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah

DESANTI, Ophi Indria, Dra. I.M. Sunarsih, SU, Apt

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masayarakat

Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di Kota Semarang. Kanker payudara dapat dideteksi melalui Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI). Persepsi kerentanan dan persepsi keparahan penyakit kanker payudara serta persepsi keuntungan dan persepsi hambatan untuk melakukan SADARI mempengaruhi perilaku SADARI seseorang. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap wanita berisiko kanker payudara karena wanita tersebut memiliki risiko relatif yang lebih tinggi untuk menderita kanker payudara. Tujuan: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi wanita berisiko kanker payudara dalam melakukan perilaku SADARI, dan mencari hubungan antara persepsi tersebut dengan perilaku SADARI. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 384 wanita berisiko kanker payudara berumur 20-65 tahun di 10 kelurahan di kota Semarang yang diambil dengan metode multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner mengenai persepsi dan perilaku SADARI responden yang telah memperoleh ethical clearance dari Dewan Komisi Etik Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil Penelitian: Hanya 52,3% responden yang pernah melakukan SADARI. Sebanyak 25,5% mempunyai persepsi positif tentang kerentanan menderita kanker payudara, 35,7% mempunyai persepsi positif tentang keparahan kanker payudara, 25,2% mempunyai persepsi positif tentang keuntungan perilaku SADARI, dan 70,1% mempunyai persepsi negatif tentang hambatan perilaku SADARI. Variabel persepsi kerentanan (p=1,000) dan variabel persepsi keparahan (p=0,637) tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku SADARI, sedangkan variabel persepsi keuntungan (p=0,022) dan variabel persepsi hambatan (p=0,015) berhubungan dengan perilaku SADARI. Setelah dilakukan uji logistik regresi maka variabel yang bermakna adalah variabel pengganggu yaitu variabel informasi tentang kanker payudara (p=0,039), variabel tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,037), variabel pendidikan (p= 0,009), dan variabel informasi tentang SADARI (p= 0,000). Kesimpulan: Variabel yang berhubungan dengan perilaku SADARI adalah variabel pengganggu yaitu variabel informasi tentang kanker payudara, tingkat pengetahuan, pendidikan, dan variabel informasi tentang SADARI.

Background: Breast cancer is the main cause of death due to cancer at Semarang City. Breast cancer can be detected through breast selfexamination. Perception about susceptibility and perception about seriousness of breast cancer disease and perception about benefit as well as perception about constraints of breast self-examination affect behavior of breast self-examination. This study is carried out to women with relatively high risk of having breast cancer. Objective: The study aimed to identify perception of women with risk of breast cancer about breast self-examination and identify relationship between that perception and behavior of breast self-examination. Method: This was an analytical study with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 384 women with risk of breast cancer at 10 villages of Semarang City taken with multistage random sampling method. Data were obtained through questionnaire of perception and behavior of breast self-examination of respondents that had got ethical clearance from Ethical Commission Council of Gadjah Mada University. Data analysis used chisquare and logistic regression. Result: Only 52.3% of respondents had breast self-examination. As much as 25.5% of respondents had positive perception about susceptibility to breast cancer disease; 35.7% had positive perception about seriousness of breast cancer; 25.2% had positive perception about the benefit of doing breast-self examination; and 70.1% had negative perception about constraints of breast self-examination. Variables of perception about susceptibility (p=1.000) and about seriousness (p=0.637) had no relationship with behavior of breast self-examination; whereas variables of perception about benefit (p=0.022) and about constraints (p=0.015) had relationship with behavior of breast self-examination. The result of logistic regression test showed that variables that were significant were confounding variables, i.e. information about breast cancer (p=0.039), level of knowledge (p=0.037), education (p=0.009) and information about breast self-examination (p=0.000). Conclusion: Variables related to behavior of breast self-examination were confounding variables, i.e. information about breast cancer, level of knowledge, education, and information about breast self-examination.

Kata Kunci : Kanker payudara,Persepsi,Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI), breast cancer, perceptions, Breast Self-Examination (BSE)