Pengaruh pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) terhadap pertumbuhan dan status gizi balita gizi kurang keluarga miskin di Kabupaten Kapahiang, Bengkulu

YOHANIS, Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Status gizi merupakan salah satu faktor penentu utama kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM). Berdasarkan SUSENAS 2005, prevalensi balita gizi kurang (indeks berat badan menurut umur) di propinsi Bengkulu sebesar 19,6%, sedangkan di kabupaten Kepahiang sebesar 24,2%. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pemberian makanan pada balita adalah pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang tidak cukup. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian MP-ASI pabrikan terhadap perubahan berat badan, panjang badan dan status gizi balita gizi kurang umur 6-24 bulan pada keluarga miskin di kabupaten Kepahiang, Bengkulu. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi-Experimental dengan rancangan penelitian pre and post test with control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita gizi kurang pada keluarga miskin umur 6- 24 bulan dengan z score <-2 SD sampai -3 SD. Pemilihan lokasi dengan cara purposive. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pemberian MP-ASI pabrikan (intake energi dan protein), perubahan berat badan, panjang badan dan status gizi,karakteristik ibu (pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan keluarga). Pengukuran antropometri berupa berat badan dan panjang badan diulang setiap bulan satu kali, termasuk data asupan makanan dari subyek dengan menggunakan fomulir recall 24 jam. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistic Chi-square dan uji T-test. Hasil : Ada perbedaan perubahan berat badan, panjang badan dan status gizi balita setelah pemberian MP-ASI antara kelompok MP-ASI pabrikan dengan kelompok MP-ASI lokal(p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Pemberian MP-ASI pabrikan maupun MP-ASI lokal memberikan dampak yang sama dalam meningkatkan berat badan, panjang badan dan status gizi (z-score) balita gizi kurang pada kelompok MP-ASI pabrikan maupun kelompok MP-ASI lokal setelah pemberian mpasi selama 3 bulan. Namun demikian, MP-ASI pabrikan mempunyai nilai delta lebih tinggi dari pada nilai delta MP-ASI lokal.

Background: Nutrition status is a major determining factor of quality of human resources as revealed by a number studies. The prevalence of undernourishment at Province of Bengkulu in 2005 was 19.6%, whereas at District of Kepahiang was 24.2% based on index of weight for age. Problems of food supply for infants are cessation of breastfeeding and insufficient complementary breastfeeding. Objective: To analyze the effect of industrial complementary breastfeeding to changes in weight, height and nutrition status of undernourished infants from poor families at District of Kepahiang, Bengkulu. Method: The study was quasi experimental with pre and post test with control group design. Population were all undernourished children under five from poor families whose mothers were respondents with inclusion criteria were children of 6-24 months old from poor families, z score <-2 SD to 3 SD, parents were willing to become respondents and exclusion criteria were undernourished children of 6-24 months old having chronic diseases. Variables observed were industrial complementary breastfeeding (energy and protein intake), changes in weight, height, nutrition status,characteristics of mothers (education, occupation, family income). Anthropometric measurement consisted of weight and height which was repeated once a month, including data of food intake of the subject obtained from forms of recall 24 hours. T-test was made to find out the mean difference of nutrition status of children after the supply of complementary breastfeeding. Result: There was difference of changes in weight, height and nutrition status of children under five after the supply of complementary breastfeeding between the group with industrial complementary breastfeeding and the group with local complementary breastfeeding (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supply of industrial complementary breastfeeding as well as local complementary breastfeeding brought equal impact to increase of weight, height and nutrition status (z score) after the supply of complementary breastfeeding within 3 months. However, the industrial complementary breastfeeding had higher delta score than local complementary breastfeeding.

Kata Kunci : MP,ASI,Perubahan berat badan,Panjang badan dan satus gizi, complementary breastfeeding, changes in weight, height, nutrition status