Pengaruh pemberian multivitamin multimineral pada MP-ASI terhadap kejadian ISPA dan diare anak usia 12-24 bulan penderita gizi kurang di Kabupaten Lampung Utara

WAHYUNI, Endang Sri, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS,Sc.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Anak gizi kurang mempunyai kekebalan tubuh rendah dan rawan terhadap penyakit infeksi, terutama penyakit ISPA dan diare. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan multivitamin multimineral (vitalita) pada MP-ASI terhadap insiden diare, insiden ISPA, jumlah hari dengan diare dan ISPA Metode : Jenis penelitian eksperimental dengan randomized controlled trial tanpa pembutaan. Kelompok kontrol adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan penderita gizi kurang yang diberi MP-ASI, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberi MP-ASI dan vitalita. Vitalita diberikan seminggu sekali sebanyak 7 sachet (1 sachet/hari) bersamaan dengan distribusi MP-ASI. Recall penyakit dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar harian yang diisi oleh orang tua/wali anak dan dimonitor seminggu sekali selama 90 hari. Hasil : Asupan zat gizi kelompok perlakuan lebih besar daripada kelompok kontrol dan berbeda bermakna pada asupan vitamin D, vitamin E, asam folat, vitamin C, Fe, dan Zn. Insiden diare dan ISPA serta jumlah hari dengan diare dan ISPA pada kelompok kontrol lebih besar daripada kelompok perlakuan. Pemberian vitalita menurunkan insiden diare >1 episode sebesar 28,53% (RR:0,778; 95% CI: 0,32-1,89) , proporsi diare 21,95% (RR:0,82; 95% CI:0,55-1,46), insiden ISPA >5 episode 13,64% (RR:0,88; 95% CI:0,35-2,19), jumlah hari dengan diare 12,36% (RR:0,89; 95% CI: 0,38-2,08) dan jumlah hari dengan ISPA 12,36% (RR:0,89; 95% CI:0,73-1,08) pada kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan perlakuan dalam hal insiden diare (p=0,62), insiden ISPA(p=1,00), jumlah hari dengan diare (p=0,50) serta jumlah hari dengan ISPA (p=0,81) Kesimpulan : Penambahan vitalita pada MP-ASI tidak mempunyai pengaruh bermakna terhadap insiden diare dan ISPA, jumlah hari dengan diare dan ISPA, tetapi ada kecenderungan dapat mengurangi resiko diare berulang >1 episode

Background : Undernourished children have low immunity and are susceptible to infection, particularly acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhea. Objectives : To identify the effect of multivitamin multimineral (vitalita) incidence of diarrhea and ARI, total days with diarrhea and ARI Method : This was an experiment with randomized controlled trial without blinding. The control group were undernourished children of 12 to 24 months who were given complementary feeding and the treatment group were those who given complementary feeding and vitalita. As many as 7 sachets of vitalita (one sachet/day) were given once a week together with the distribution of complementary feeding. Recall of disease was made daily sheet filled by parents and monitored once a week within 90 days. Result : Nutrient intake of the treatment group was greater than the control group and significantly different in the intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate acid, vitamin C, Fe and zinc. Incidence of diarrhea and ARI, total days with diarrhea and ARI in the control group was greater than in the treatment group. Supplementation of vitalita decreased incidence of diarrhea upper than 1 episode as much as 28,53% (RR:0,778; 95% CI: 0,32- 1,89), proportion of diarrhea 21,95% (RR:0,82; 95% CI:0,55-1,46), incidence of ARI upper than 5 episodes 13,64% (RR:0,88; 95% CI:0,35- 2,19), total days with diarrhea 12,36% (RR:0,89; 95% CI:0,38-2,08) and total days with ARI 12,36% (RR:0,89; 95% CI:0,73-1,08). The result of Mann Whitney showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group in the incidence of diarrhea (p=0,62), incidence of ARI (p=1,00), total days with diarrhea (p=0,50) and total days with ARI (p=0,81). Conclusion : Supplementation of multivitamin multimineral had no significant effect to incidence of diarrhea, incidence of ARI, total days with diarrhea and ARI, but there was a tendency to reduce recurrent diarrhea upper than 1 episode

Kata Kunci : MP,ASI,Vitamin mineral,Gizi kurang,Diare,ISPA, complementary feeding, vitamin mineral, malnutrition, diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection