Pengelolaan Data dan Informasi Status Gizi Balita dan Pengambilan keputusan Program Gizi di Puskesmas se Kabupaten Majene

SHAFWAN, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, MPH, DrPH

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Perbaikan gizi diperlukan pada seluruh siklus kehidupan termasuk anak balita. Dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang tepat bagi program perbaikan gizi, para pembuat keputusan memerlukan informasi yang tepat tentang status gizi masyarakat. Pelaksanaan sistem informasi kesehatan di Kabupaten Majene belum optimal, dengan adanya beberapa permasalahan, seperti : data yang kurang akurat, inkonsistensi atau data yang tidak reliabel, lambatnya pengiriman data, pengolahan dan penyajian data jarang dilakukan, pelaporan dilakukan hanya sebatas rutinitas tanpa memperhatikan kualitas data, tidak adanya umpan balik dari Dinas Kesehatan, dan lain-lain. Era desentralisasi menjadi suatu kesempatan bagi Puskesmas untuk menentukan kebijakan sendiri dalam mengoptimalkan program perbaikan gizi. Namun Puskesmas di Kabupaten Majene tidak pernah mengambil suatu keputusan yang evidence based. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pengelolaan data dan informasi status gizi balita mencakup ketersediaan data, pengolahan data, penyajian data dan pengambilan keputusan program gizi di Puskesmas se Kabupaten Majene Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian adalah studi kasus yang bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah Petugas Gizi Puskesmas, seluruh Kepala Puskesmas, dan Kepala Seksi Gizi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten dengan unit analisis Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, DKT, kuesioner, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil : Data dan informasi status gizi balita disemua puskesmas tersedia, namun tidak diimbangi ketersediaan format pencatatan. Data pada LB3 akurat, pada FIII/Gizi dan SKDN tidak akurat karena ada unsur rekayasa dan rendahnya keterampilan kader. Tidak valid karena arsip laporan ada yang tidak ditandatangani kepala puskesmas. Data pada FIII/Gizi dan SKDN reliabel, pada LB3 tidak reliabel karena tidak ada koordinasi antar petugas. Data pada SKDN lengkap, pada FIII/Gizi dan LB3 tidak lengkap karena adanya kolom isian yang kosong. Tidak tepat waktu karena ketidakdisiplinan kader, faktor geografis, kurang penekanan dari dinas. Aksesibel karena keaktifan petugas mengarsipkan data. Data diolah secara manual dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi, tabel dan grafik. Keputusan yang diambil yaitu penyuluhan, konseling, pemantauan pertumbuhan pemantauan distribusi MP ASI. Namun itu tidak berdasarkan data sehingga laporan hanya sebagai rutinitas. Kesimpulan : Data dan informasi status gizi balita tersedia di puskesmas dengan kualitas data dalam tiap format pencatatan bervariasi. Data dan informasi umum

Background: Improved nutrition status is needed throughout the life cycle including children under five. Of age in formulating suitable policies for nutrition improvement program, decision makers require relevant information about nutrition status of the community. The implementation of health information system at District of Majene is not yet optimum. There are some problems such as inaccurate data, inconsistent or unreliable data, delay in data reporting, and processing and presentation of data are rarely made, reporting is done as routine disregarding data quality, there is no feedback from the health office and so on. Decentralization has offered an opportunity for the health center to make its own policy in optimizing nutrition improvement program. However, health centers at District of Majene have never made decisions based on evidence. Objective: The study aimed to get an overview of data and information management of nutrition status of children under five comprising availability, processing, presentation of data and the decision making of nutrition program at the health centers of District of Majene. Method: This was a descriptive case study with qualitative method. Subjects of the study were nutrition staff of the health centers, head of health centers and head of nutrition section of district health office with health centers and head of health office as analysis units. Data were obtained through indepth interview, focus group discussion, questionnaire, observation and documentation. Result: Data and information on nutrition status of children under five years of age were available in all health centers; however format of reporting was unavailable. Data in LB3 accurate, in FIII/Gizi and SKDN were inaccurate because there was data manipulation and cadres had limited skills. Data were not valid because there was no signature of head of the health center in the report. Data in FIII/Gizi and SKDN reliable, in LB3 not reliable because there was no coordination among staff. Data in SKDN were completed, in FIII/Gizi and LB3 incomplete because some of the forms were blank. Data were not provided timely due to less commited cadres, geographical factors and lack of pressure from the health office. Data were accessible because staff were active in maintaining records. Data were processed manually and presented in the form of narratives, tables and graphs. Decisions made were socialization, counseling, growth monitoring and complementary breastfeeding distribution monitoring. However they were not based on data so that reports were only made as routine activities. Conclusion: Data and information on nutrition status of children under five years of age were available at the health centers with quality data in every format of reporting of various kinds. Data and information were processed manually and presented in the form of narratives, tables and graphs. Decisions made were socialization, counseling, growth monitoring and complementary breastfeeding distribution monitoring. Decisions made were not based on data available.

Kata Kunci : Data dan Informasi, Status Gizi Balita, Pengambilan Keputusan, Pelaporan, data and information, health information, decision making.