Hubungan Asupan Vitamin B3 (Niasin), C, E dan Serat Terhadap Dislipidemia Pada Penyakit Jantung Koroner di RS DR. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

MUZAKAR, dr. L. Kris Dinarti, SpPD, SpJP, FIHA

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Hasil survey kesehatan rumah tangga tahun 1992 dan tahun 1995 menunjukan PJK penyebab kematian urutan pertama dengan prevalensi masing-masing 16,5% dan 19%. PJK disebabkan banyak faktor anatara lain; hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, kegemukan, merokok dan diabetes melitus. Asupan lemak jenuh yang tinggi dalam jangka waktu lama dapat meningkatkan kadar lipid darah. Upaya menurunkan kolesterol darah selain pengaturan asupan gizi makro maka alternatif lain adalah asupan gizi mikro yaitu vitamin B3, vitamin C, vitamin E dan serat. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan asupan vitamin B3 (niasin), vitamin C, vitamin E dan serat terhadap dislipidemia pada PJK di RS dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian penderita dislipidemia pada penyakit jantung koroner yang baru didiagnosa. Pengambilan subjek secara purposive yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sejumlah 50 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di ruang kardiologi dari bulan Oktober 2007 sampai Pebruari 2008. Data asupan diambil dengan mengunakan kuesioner semi quantitatif food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Data diolah dengan komputer. Untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan dengan profil lipid dianalisis dengan uji chi square dan untuk mengetahui besarnya tingkat hubungan diuji dengan korelasi Spearman rho, untuk melihat risiko dianalisis dengan odds ratio. Hasil : Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan vitamin B3, C, E dan serat terhadap kolesterol total ( p < α). Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan vitamin E terhadap trigliserida (p= 0.015). Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan vitamin B3, E dan serat terhadap kolesterol HDL (p <α). Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan vitamin B3, C, E dan serat terhadap kolesterol LDL (p <α). Kesimpulan : Ada hungan asupan vitamin B3, C, E dan serat yang rendah terhadap penderita dislipidemia pada PJK.

Background: Coronary heart disease is a health problem both in developed and developing countries including Indonesia. The result of household health survey in 1992 and 1995 indicated that coronary heart disease was the first cause death of with the prevalence as much as 16.5% and 19% subsequently. Coronary heart disease is caused by many factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and diabetes mellitus. High intake of unsaturated fat for a long time can increase blood lipid level. Efforts to lowering blood cholesterol can be made by managing macro nutrient intake as well as micro nutrient intake such as vitamin B3, C, E and fibres. Objective: To find out the relationship between intake of vitamin B3 (Niacine), C, E and fibres and dislipidemia in coronary heart disease at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital of Palembang. Method: The study was analytic observational which used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were dislipidemia patients of coronary heart disease who were newly diagnosed. There were as many as 50 patients who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria and were purposively chosen. The study was carried out at cardiology room from October 2007 to February 2008. Data of intake were obtained from questionnaires of quantitative food frequency and processed using computer. Chi square test was used to identify the relationship between intake and lipid profile; Spearman rho correlation was used to find out the level of relationship; and odds ratio was used to identify the risk. Result: There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B3, C, E and fibres and total cholesterol (p < α). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin E and triglyceride (p=0.015). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B3, E and fibres and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < α). There was significant relationship between intake of vitamin B3, C, E and fibres and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p< α). Conclusion: There was relationship between low intake of vitamin B3, C, E and fibres of dislipidemia patients in coronary heart disease.

Kata Kunci : Asupan Vitamin B3,Penyakit Jantung Koroner,Serat,Vitamin C, E, coronary heart disease, vitamin B3, vitamin C, vitamin E, fibres