Korelasi antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) dengan penerapan manajemen K3 pada PT Kereta Api (Persero) daerah operasi VI Jogjakarta :: Kajian terhadap manajer dan oprator
MAHACHANDRA J.M., A.A.S. Manik, Dr. dr. Lientje Setyawati Maurits, MS. Sp.Ok
2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan KerjaJumlah kejadian kecelakaan kerja yang masih tinggi di PT. KA (Persero) melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Kecelakaan kerja berakar pada kurang tepatnya pelaksanaan manajemen perusahaan mengenai K3. Faktor manusia yang berkaitan dengan manajemen K3 adalah perilaku tenaga kerja mengenai K3, yang dapat diteliti melalui domain pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik K3. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengobservasi hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik K3 para tenaga kerja dengan penerapan manajemen K3 di PT. KA (Persero) DAOP VI Yogyakarta, serta perbedaannya antar kelompok manajer dan operator. Metoda penelitian berbentuk survai, dengan rancangan cross-sectional. 245 orang sampel dipilih melalui metoda proportioned stratified random sampling dari populasi tenaga kerja dalam dua jabatan (manajer dan operator) serta lima lokasi kerja (non-lapangan, lapangan Sintelis, lapangan JJ, lapangan Sarana, dan lapangan Opsar). Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner, masingmasing untuk penerapan manajemen K3 (45 butir), pengetahuan K3 (8 butir), sikap K3 (13 butir), dan praktik K3 (16 butir). Penerapan manajemen K3 dinilai melalui penerapan aspek organisasi & administrasi, peraturan & prosedur, pendidikan & pelatihan, serta pengontrolan potensi bahaya. Penelitian menggunakan Program SPS dalam pengolahan data secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan K3 tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan penerapan manajemen K3 (r = -0,042; p = 0,261), sedangkan sikap K3 berkorelasi negatif dengan penerapan manajemen K3 (r = - 0,130; p = 0,020), dan praktik K3 berkorelasi positif dengan penerapan manajemen K3 perusahaan (r = 0,266; p = 0,000). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa antar aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif dari perilaku suatu individu tidak selalu berhubungan linier, dan juga bahwa praktik K3 dengan baik dapat menentukan keberhasilan penerapan manajemen K3, atau sebaliknya. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik K3 secara bersamaan juga berkorelasi positif dengan penerapan manajemen K3 (r = 0,473; p = 0,000) dan juga dengan penerapan masing-masing aspek manajemen K3 (r1 = 0,465; r2 = 0,442; r3 = 0,427; r4 = 0,337 berturut-turut untuk keempat aspek penerapan manajemen K3; p = 0,000). Korelasi pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik K3 dengan penerapan manajemen K3 tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara kelompok manajer dan operator (F = 0,528; db = 1; p = 0,525), begitu pula pada korelasi dengan penerapan masing-masing aspek manajemen K3 (F1 = 0,007 & p1 = 0,931; F2 = 0,322 & p2 = 0,578; F3 = 0,120 & p3 = 0,730; F4 = 1,308 & p4 = 0,253 berturut-turut untuk keempat aspek penerapan manajemen K3; db = 1). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan K3 para manajer lebih tinggi dibandingkan para operator (F = 5,405; db = 1; p = 0,020). Selain itu, pengetahuan K3 para tenaga kerja di lapangan JJ dan Opsar lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lokasi kerja lainnya (F = 4,654; db = 4; p = 0,001).
High accident rate in PT. KA (Persero) becomes study’s background. Accidents are only symptoms of lacks in organizational management of occupational safety and health (safety management). Human factor that considered to be related to safety management is employees’ safety behavior. Safety behavior can be observed by its domain, i.e. safety knowledge, attitude, and practice. This study aims to observe the relationship between workers’ safety knowledge, attitude, and practice with the implementation of safety management in PT. KA (Persero) DAOP VI Yogyakarta, along with its difference between manager and operator. It was a survey study, with cross-sectional design. There were 245 people chosen as samples by proportional stratified random sampling technique. Samples were drawn from employee population, which previously divided into two work functions (manager and operator) and five work locations (non-field, Sintelis field, JJ field, Sarana field, and Opsar field). Data were collected by questionnaires for each one of safety management implementation (45 items), safety knowledge (8 items), safety attitude (13 items), and safety practice (16 items). Safety management implementation was explored by evaluating the implementation of organization & administration, regulation & procedure, education & training, and potential hazard control aspects. This research used SPS Program in statistical data process. Result shows that safety knowledge does not significantly correlate with safety management implementation (r = -0.042; p = 0.261), whilst safety attitude negatively correlates with safety management implementation (r = -0.130; p = 0.020), and safety practice positively correlates with safety management implementation (r = 0.266; p = 0.000). Can be conclude that each of cognitive, affective, and conative aspects of personnel’s behavior does not always linearly correlate, also that good safety practice can determines success in safety management implementation, vice versa. Safety knowledge, attitude, and practice as a unity also have positive correlation with safety management implementation (r = 0.473; p = 0.000), as well as with each aspect of safety management implementation (r1 = 0.465; r2 = 0.442; r3 = 0.427; r4 = 0.337 respectively for four safety management aspects; p = 0.000). Correlation of safety knowledge, attitude, and practice with safety management implementation does not significantly differ between manager and operator (F = 0.528; df = 1; p = 0.525), as well as correlation with each aspect of safety management implementation (F1 = 0.007 & p1 = 0.931; F2 = 0.322 & p2 = 0.578; F3 = 0.120 & p3 = 0.730; F4 = 1.308 & p4 = 0.253 respectively for four safety management aspects; df = 1). Result also shows that manager’s safety knowledge is higher than operator’s is (F = 5.405; df = 1; p = 0.019). Safety knowledge within the employees in JJ field and Opsar field are lower than employees’ safety knowledge in other work locations (F = 4.654; df = 4; p = 0.001).
Kata Kunci : Praktik keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, Manajemen K3, Manajer kereta api, Operator kereta api
