Status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh pemberian makanan tambahan pemulihan (PMT-P) di Kota Bengkulu Propinsi Bengkulu

TUMIAR, Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Balita merupakan salah satu anggota kelompok masyarakat yang rawan gizi dan apabila tidak memperoleh penanganan yang tepat akan menjadi kurang gizi. Dampak lebih jauh bisa terjadi penurunan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Di Indonesia tahun 2005 prevalensi balita gizi buruk sebesar 8,8% dan gizi kurang 19,2%. Di Propinsi Bengkulu prevalensi balita gizi buruk sebesar 7% dan gizi kurang sebesar 19,6%. Di Kota Bengkulu prevalensi balita gizi buruk sebesar 5,5% dan balita gizi kurang sebesar 21,7%. Tujuan penelitian : Mengetahui hubungan antara faktor balita dan faktor keluarga dengan status gizi pada balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh pemberian makanan tambahan pemulihan (PMT-P) di Kota Bengkulu Propinsi Bengkulu Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancang bangun kohort. Subjek penelitian ini adalah total populasi yang berjumlah 64 balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P, tiga balita dalam kriteria eksklusi sehingga jumlah subjek penelitian berjumlah 61 balita. Variabel bebas adalah faktor balita dan faktor keluarga. Variabel terikat adalah status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P. Cara pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan alat bantu kuesioner dan penimbangan berat badan. Pengolahan data melalui komputer dengan uji Chi-Square. Untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling dominan dilakukan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan faktor balita : umur dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P, tidak berhubungan bermakna (p>0,05), penyakit penyerta kronis dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P berhubungan bermakna (p<0,05), penyakit penyerta akut dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P berhubungan bermakna (p<0,05), berat badan lahir dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P berhubungan bermakna (p<0,05). Faktor keluarga : pola asuh makan, pola asuh kesehatan, pola asuh waktu, pekerjaan ibu, pengetahuan ibu dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P, tidak ada hubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Hasil uji regresi logistik berganda didapat bahwa berat badan lahir berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P dengan nilai RR 21,041. Kesimpulan : Faktor yang paling berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi balita gizi buruk yang memperoleh PMT-P adalah berat badan lahir. Balita dengan berat badan lahir rendah mempunyai risiko 21,041 kali tidak akan mengalami perubahan status gizi dibandingkan dengan berat badan balita lahir normal.

particularly those who come from poor communities. In Indonesia the prevalence of malnourished children under five was as much as 8.8% and undernourished children under five was 19.2% in 2005. In the province of Bengkulu the prevalence of malnourished children under five is 7% and the undernourished is 19.6%. Whereas in Bengkulu Municipality the prevalence of malnourished children under five is 5.5% and the undernourished is 21.7%. Objective: To find out the relationship between factors of children under five and factors of family and nutrition status of malnourished children under five who got recovery complementary food at Bengkulu Municipality, Province of Bengkulu. Method: The study was observational and used longitudinal study design. Subject of the study were total population with as many as 64 malnourished children under five who got recovery complementary food. Three children were in exclusion criteria so that subject of the study were 61 malnourished children under five. The independent variable were factors of children under five and factors of the family. The dependent variable was change of nutrition status of malnourished children under five who got recovery complementary food. Data were obtained from interview using questionnaire and weighing, and analyzed using Chi square. Double logistic regression test was used to identify the most dominant factor. Result: The result of statistical test showed that factors of children under five, i.e. age had no significant relationship with nutrition status of malnourished children under five who got recovery complementary food (p>0.05), chronic co-existing diseases had significant relationship with nutrition status (p<0.05), acute co-existing disease had significant relationship with nutrition status (p<0.05), birth weight had significant relationship with nutrition status (p<0.05). Factors of the family, i.e. eating, health care, and time management pattern, mothers' occupation, knowledge of mothers and the number of family members had no significant relationship with nutrition of malnourished children under five who got recovery complementary food (p>0.05). The result of double logistic regression test showed that birth weight had significant relationship with nutrition status of malnourished children under five that got recovery complementary breastfeeding with RR=21.041. Conclusion: Factor most dominantly had significant relationship with nutrition status of malnourished children under five that got recovery complementary breastfeeding was birth weight. Low birth weight children under five had risk 21.041 times greater for unchanged nutrition status than those with normal birth weight.

Kata Kunci : Gizi,Pemberian makanan tambahan pemulihan,Balita,Gizi buruk,nutrition status, complementary food, family factors, child factors