Kesehatan lingkungan pondok pesantren di Kota Yogyakarta

WALUYO, Hari, Drs. Mochammad As'ad, SU., Psi

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Air yang tercemar kotoran yang berasal dari hewan, manusia, dan limbah domistik sering mengandung bakteri, virus dan bahan-bahan yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Air sumur yang tercemar bakteri, kemungkinan dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan yang sangat besar. Disamping itu pencemaran detergen dalam air khususnya daerah perkotaan menjadi hal yang sangat serius. Hal ini disebabkan konsumsi detergen oleh masyarakat semakin besar sejalan dengan pertambahan penduduk. Ada kemungkinan detergen telah mencemari sungai, danau, laut bahkan air tanah dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesehatan lingkungan pondok pesantren di Kota Yogyakarta yaitu dengan mengetahui hubungan antara jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air dengan total koliform dan kadar detergen air sumur pondok pesantren di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus mengenai kualitas air khususnya ditinjau dari total koliform dan kandungan detergen air sumur pondok pesantren di Kota Yogyakarta, yang menjadi subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh pondok pesantren yang ada di Kota Yogyakarta yang berjumlah 23, semuanya memanfaatkan air sumur gali untuk berbagai keperluan selain ada 2 pondok pesantren yang juga menggunakan air PDAM. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, pengisian skala perilaku, pengisian check list observasi dengan pengamatan langsung pada obyek penelitian, penilaian dan pengukuran faktor lingkungan, pengukuran jarak sumur dengan sumber pencemar, serta laporan hasil uji laboratorium. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier dan regresi multivariat. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air terhadap total koliform air sumur pondok pesantren di peroleh nilai R = 0,597 dan p = 0,035, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 yang berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna secara bersama-sama antara jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air terhadap total koliform air sumur pondok pesantren, dengan besar konstribusi 35,617%. Hubungan antara jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air terhadap kadar detergen air sumur pondok pesantren, diperoleh nilai R = 0,428 dan (p) = 0,266 maka tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara bersama-sama antara jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air dengan kadar detergen air sumur pondok pesantren. Hubungan secara bersama-sama antara ketiga variabel bebas yaitu jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air terhadap kedua variabel terikat yaitu total koliform dan kadar detergen air sumur pondok pesantren telah diperoleh nilai R = 0,597 dan R2 = 0,356 (p = 0,017). Ini berarti ada hubungan yang bermakna secara bersama-sama antara variabel jarak sumber pencemar, fisik sumur dan perilaku pengguna air terhadap total koliform dan kadar detergen air sumur pondok pesantren di Kota Yogyakarta.

Water that is contaminated by animal faeces, human, and domestic waste was often contained bacteria, virus and danger materials for health. Well water that was infected by bacteria had a great influence on health. In addition, detergent contamination in the water especially in municipality areas becomes a very serious problem. This was caused by the increasing consumption of detergent and the increasing number of community. Therefore, the detergent has contaminated river, lake, sea even sand water. This research was aimed to observe the environmental health of Pondok Pesantren in Yogyakarta municipality that was conducted by investigating the relationship between the distance of contaminated source, well physic and behavior of water user with total coliform and the level of detergent in well water of Pondok Pesantren in Yogyakarta municipality. This was an case study research that water quality special to the total of well water coliform and detergent. The research subject was 23 pondok pesantren in Yogyakarta municipality, which almost all of them utilize well water for various needs and there were 2 pondok pesantren which utilize well water besides PDAM water. The data was collected by using in-depth interview, filling behavior scale, filling observation check list with direct observation to research object, evaluation and measurement of environment factor, measurement of well distance with contamination source, as well as report of laboratory test result. Technique of data analysis in this research was linear regression and multivariate regression. The result of data analysis showed that the distance of contaminated source, well physic and behavior of water user toward the total of well water coliform was r=0,597 and p=0,035 with significance level of 0,05 which means that there was a significant relationship between the distance of contaminated source, well physic, and behavior of water user toward the total of coliform, with contribution of 35,617%. The relationship between the distance of contaminated source, well physic, and behavior of water user toward detergent level of well water was r = 0,428 and (p) = 0,266 so that there was an insignificant relationship between the distance of contaminated source, well physic and behavior of water user toward both of independent variable that was coliform total and level of well water detergent with r = 0,597 and R2 = 0,356 (p=0,017). This means that there was a significant relationship between variable of contaminated source distance, well physic and behavior of water user toward coliform total and the detergent level of well water of pondok pesantren in Yogyakarta municipality.

Kata Kunci : kesehatan lingkungan, koliform total, detergen, pondok pesantren, environmental health, total koliform, detergent and pondok pesantren