Perilaku Agresif Ditinjau dari Persepsi Pola Asuh Authoritarian, Asertivitas dan Tahap Perkembangan Remaja pada Anak Binaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kutoarjo Jawa Tengah

ARGIATI, S. Hafsah Budi, Dr. Amitya Kumara, M.S

2008 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh authoritarian, asertivitas dan tahap perkembangan remaja dengan perilaku agresi anak. Hipotesis yang diajukan (1) tidak ada perbedaan perilaku agresivitas pada remaja awal dan remaja tengah, (2) ada hubungan antara pola asuh authoritarian dengan perilaku agresi (3) ada hubungan negatif antara asertivitas dengan perilaku agresi. Alat pengumpul data, untuk: (1) Pendekatan Kua ntitatif, dengan (a) Skala Agresivitas, skala ini dikembangkan berdasar skala agresivitas yang disusun oleh Truscott (1992), (b) Skala asertivitas, merupakan adaptasi skala asertivitas dari Afiatin (2003), (c) Skala Pola asuh Authoritarian , yang disusun berdasar konsep Baumrind (1971). (2) Pendekatan Kualitatif, dilakukan dengan; (a) Wawancara Mendalam, (b) Observasi, (c) Dokumentasi, (d) Focus Group Discucion. Sumber Data: (1) seluruh anak binaan Lapas Anak Kutoarjo berjumlah 81 anak, berusia 10 sampai 18 tahun, dibedakan menjadi remaja awal dan remaja tengah, (2) Informan; petugas Lapas dan teman sesama anak binaan, (3) Data sekunder, untuk mengetahui identitas, tindak kriminal dan hukuman yang harus dilaksanakan anak binaan, (4) Metafora. Hasil analisis tidak terdapat perbedaan agresivitas remaja awal dan remaja tengah secara signifikan, nilai F sebesar 0,443 (p = 0,508 > 0,05), rata -rata agresivitasnya sedang, jadi hipotesis pertama diterima. Hasil analisis hubungan antara Pola asuh authoritarian orangtua mempunyai hubungan yang sangat signifikan dengan agresi, nilai rxy= 0,370 taraf signifikansi p < 0,001, sumbangan efektif 13,5%, jadi hipótesis kedua diterima. Hasil uji hipótesis ketiga didapatkan rxy 0,006 dengan taraf signifikansi p >0,005, sumbangan efektifnya 2,4%, jadi hipotesis ketiga diterima sumbangan efektifnya 2,4%. Hasil penelitian Kualitatif: (a) Hasil observasi, hubungan pembina dengan anak binaan cukup baik, sesama anak binaan saling membantu. (b) Dalam focus group discussion , ditemukan : (1) Setelah melakukan agresi merasa tenang, setelah tertangkap takut dan menyesal. (2) Ketika dimasukkan kedalam penjara dewasa mengerikan sering dipukuli dengan sesama napi, disini lebih santai tidak ada yang memukul. Hasil wawancara ditemukan (1) tidak ada perbedaan perilaku agresi yang dilakukan anak usia 14 tahun (remaja awal) dan anak usia 17 tahun (remaja tengah), (2) hubungan antara anak dengan orangtua pada dasarnya baik peran ayah dan ibu cenderung authoritatif akan tetapi ada ayah yang authoritarian. (3) anak binaan cenderung mempunyai asertivitas pasif, mereka lebih banyak menyelesaikan persoalan dengan kekuatan fisik, dan mudah terbawa emosi.

The aim of this research was to know the correlation among authoritarian parenting, assertiveness, the stage of adolescence development and the agressiveness behavior of children. The presented hypothesis were: (1) there was difference between early and middle adolescence aggressiveness behavior , (2) there was a correlation between authoritarian parenting and aggressiveness behavior, (3) there was correlation between assertiveness and aggressiveness behavior, (4) there was correlation among authoritarian parenting, assertiveness and aggressiveness behavior. Data collection that used for the (1) Quantitative Approach, were (a)Agressiveness scale, that was developed based on the agressiveness scale composed by Truscot (1992), Assertiveness scale, that was adopted from the assertiveness scale of Afiatin (2003), and Authoritarian parenting, based on the Baumrind concept (1971). (2) Qualitative approach, was conducte d by (a) deep interview, (b) observation, (c) documentation, (d) and Focus Group Discussion. Data source: (1) all trainee child of Kutoarjo children jail as many as 81 children (10-18 years old). Separated to the early adolescence and middle adolescence, (2) Informants; jail officer in charge and the child trainee. (3) Secondary data; to know the identity, crime act and punishment that had to finished by the child trainee, (4) Metaphors. The result of analysis between early and middle adolescence were: the aggressiveness wasn’t so different, F value is 0.443 (p = 0.508 >0.05), so the first hypothesis was refused. Analysis result of correlation between authoritarian parents guidance pattern have relation that very significant with aggression. Value of rxy= 0,370 significance level p < 0,001, effective contribution 13,5%, so second hypothesis is accepted. The result of third hypothesis is rxy 0,006 with significance level p > 0,005, the effective contribution is 2.4%, so, the third hypothesis is accepted. The result of qualitative research: (a) Observation result, the relationship between trainers and the trainee was quite good, the trainee help each other. (b) In the focus group discussion founded: (1) after doing aggressive ness they feel calm, after caught they scary and regret. (2) When converted into adult jail the trainee usually beat by prisoner, here more relax, nobody beating. Interview result founded the relation between children and parent basiccally good. The role of father and mother tend to be authoritative and there was found authoritarian father too. The cause of children criminal act were: wanted to take revenge, influenced by the peers, economy factor, and unintentionality. When the trainee doing the agresiveness, they feel unguilty and hard to control the emotion. But after they do that, they feel satisfied but regret too. Some of the trainee want to continue their study after they go out from the jail and the others want to continue their work.

Kata Kunci : Agresi,Pola Asuh,Authoritarian,Perilaku Anak,Asertivitas