Efektivitas Oksitetrasiklin terhadap infeksi Vibrio alginolyticus pada ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

SUMARGONO, drh. Puspa Wikan Sari, SU

2008 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Oksitetrasiklin terhadap infeksi Vibrio alginolyticus pada ikan kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, dan Bagian Patologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap, tahap pendahuluan adalah pemurnian isolat, pengembalian virulensi, uji sensitivitas bakteri terhadap berbagai macam antibiotik (Streptomisin, Amoksisilin, Oksitetrasiklin, Khloramfenikol, Doksisiklin) dan penentuan Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dari antibiotik terpilih. Tahap kedua ikan kerapu sebanyak 78 ekor yang dibagi ulangan I 42 ekor dalam 6 kelompok (N=7 ekor) dan ulangan II 36 ekor dalam 6 kelompok (N=6 ekor). Kontrol negatif tanpa infeksi V. alginolyticus dan tanpa pengobatan. Kontrol positif diinfeksi V. alginolyticus tanpa pengobatan dan empat kelompok yang diinfeksi Vibrio alginolyticus dengan konsentrasi LC50 (106 sel/ml) secara rendaman. Setelah timbul gejala sakit, 4 kelompok yang diinfeksi bakteri kemudian diobati dengan oxytetracycline dosis 2 x MIC, 4 x MIC, 8 x MIC dan 16 x MIC secara rendaman 2 jam/hari selama 5 hari. Semua ikan diotopsi pada hari ke-3 setelah pengobatan terakhir dan difiksasi dengan larutan buffer formalin 10% untuk pemeriksaan histopatologik. Pengamatan ikan dan kualitas air dilakukan setiap 6 jam. Data kelangsungan hidup ikan dianalisa statistik dan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologik dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa Vibrio alginolyticus sensitif terhadap Oksitetrasiklin, Doksisiklin dan Khloramfenikol dan nilai MIC Oksitetrasiklin terhadap Vibrio alginolyticus adalah 2 μg/ml. Daya Kelangsungan Hidup ikan kerapu macan yang diinfeksi Vibrio alginolyticus dan diberi obat Oksitetrasiklin 4xMIC (8 μg/ml) adalah 91,66%. Kelompok Kontrol (+) dan yang diobati dengan Oksitetrasiklin 4 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml, dan 32 μg/ml menunjukkan pericarditis 60%, radang granulomatosa pada hati, ginjal dan mata 20% - 60%. Oksisitetrasiklin dosis 8 μg/ml dengan rendaman 2 jam/hari selama 5 hari efektif untuk pengobatan infeksi Vibrio alginolyticus pada ikan kerapu macan.

The aim of study to determine the effectivity of Oxytetracycline to Vibrio alginolyticus infection in marbled grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The study was conducted in Microbiology and Pathology Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta The research consisted of two phase, the first phase was purification and increasing virulence, the sensitivity test of antibiotic (Streptomycine, Amoxiciline, Oxytetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Doxycicline) and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from selected antibiotic. A number of 78 fish were divided into 2 trials. The first trial was 42 fish divided into 6 group (N=7) and the second was 36 fish divided into 6 group (N=6). A negative control was without infection of V. alginolyticus and without treatment of Oxytetracycline. A positive control was infected with V. alginolyticus without treatment of Oxytetracycline and four groups were infected with V. alginolyticus by dipping with the concentration at 106 cell/ml. After arising clinical symptoms they were treated Oxytetracycline at the doses 2 MIC (4 μg/ml), 4 MIC (8 μg/ml), 8 MIC (16 μg/ml) and 16 MIC (32 μg/ml) for 2 hours/day by dipping during 5 days. Three days after treatment all fish were autopsied and fixed in 10% formalin buffer for histopathological examinations. The observation of fishes and water quality were conducted every 6 hours. The data of survival rate of fish was analysed using variance analysis, and the data of the histopathological changes were descriptively analysed. The result of sensitivity test showed that V. alginolyticus was sensitive to Oxytetracycline, Doxycicline and Chloramphenicol. Value of MIC of Oxytetracycline to V. alginolyticus 2 μg/ml. The survival rate of marbled grouper fish which was treated with Oxytetracycline 8 μg/ml was 91,66%, and was effective to recover from V. alginolyticus infection. A group of control (+) and group of treated with Oxytetracycline 4 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml, and 32 μg/ml showed pericarditis 60%, granulomatous inflammation at liver, eye and kidney 20 - 60%.

Kata Kunci : Oksiterasiklin,Vibrio Alginolyticus,Kerapu Macan,Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus,Oxytetracycline, Vibrio alginolyticus, marbled grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).