Efektivitas perasan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) terhadap infeksi Edwarsiella ictaluri pada ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.)

NOVIANTO, Hendri, Prof. drh. Soesanto Mangkoewidjojo, M.Sc., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas perasan kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) sebagai obat antimikrobial terhadap infeksi Edwardsiella ictaluri pada ikan Mas ( Cyprinus carpio L. ). Isolat Edwarsiella ictaluri berasal dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji utama di Laboratorium Patologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gajah Mada. Uji pendahuluan meliputi uji sensitifitas bakteri terhadap kunyit. Pada uji utama digunakan 5 kelompok ikan masing-masing terdiri atas 10 ekor ikan mas. Kelompok I (K-) tanpa perlakuan, kelompok II (K+) diinfeksi dengan E. Ictaluri, dan kelompok III,IV,V diinfeksi dengan E. ictaluri 0,1 ml suspensi 107 sel/ml secara intra peritoneal . Sesudah ikan menunjukkan gejala klinis, kemudian ikan diobati dengan perasan kunyit; kelompok III diobati perasan kunyit 750 ppm, kelompok IV 1000 ppm dan kelompok V 1250 ppm . Pengobatan dilakukan secara rendaman selama 4 jam perhari selama 5 hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah gejala klinis, perubahan patologik, daya kelangsungan hidup dan gambaran darah . Hasil perhitungan sel darah dianalisa secara statistik dengan anova, sedang parameter lain dianalisa secara diskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya kelangsungan hidup (DKH) ikan terbesar yang diobati perasan kunyit terbesar adalah dosis 1000 ppm (80%). Kelompok ikan yang di infeksi E. ictaluri dan diobati kunyit 1000 ppm terjadi kesembuhan kulit, dan otot 20%. Keradangan pada jantung, usus dan ginjal belum menunjukkan kesembuhan yang optimal.Jumlah leukosit total ikan kelompok II, III dan IV turun secara signifikan (P< 0,05), dan meningkat kembali kejumlah normal sesudah ikan direndam dalam air yang mengandung 1250 ppm perasan kunyit. Pengobatan dengan perasan kunyit semakin tinggi dosis 1000 ppm dan 1250ppm, terlihat morfologi trombosit kembali normal berbentuk batang dan tidak aktif, serta toksik heterofil mulai kelihatan berkurang.

The research aimed to find out the effectivity of turmeric liquid (Curcuma domestica Val.) as an antimicrobial to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in the common carp fish ((Cyprinus carpio L.). The research consisted of two steps, a preliminary and major research. The isolate of E. ictaluri was provided by the Microbiological Laboratory, and research was conducted in the Pathological Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The preliminary research was the sensitivity of bacteria to tumeric liquid. The major research consisted of five groups of fish with ten common carp fish (C.carpio L.) of each group. Group I (K-) was not treated, as a normal controle. Group II (K+) was injected by E. ictaluri only. Group III, IV, and V were intraperitoneally infected by E. ictaluri with concentration of 0.1 ml of 107 cell/ml. After they showed the clinical symptoms, then they were treated with tumeric liquid in concentration of 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm for group III, IV, and V. The treatment was onucted by bathing for 4 hour/day during 5 days. Parameters observed were the clinical symptoms, pathological changes, survival rates, and blood profiles. The result of blood profiles was analyzed statistically by Anova method, and pathological results were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that turmeric liquid of 1000 ppm had the highest survival rate (80%). They recovered from skin lesion and muscle inflammation (20%). However, the inflammation of heart, kidney, and intestine could not optimally healed. Leucocyte total of Group II, III, and IV decreased significantly (P<0.05), and would normally increase again after they were treated with turmeric liquid of 1250 ppm. The morphology of thrombocyte would be normal into rod shape, inactive; and the number of toxic heterophel would be reduced after treated with turmeric liquid in dose of 1000 ppm and 1250 ppm.

Kata Kunci : Kunyit,Curcuma domestica Val,Edwarsiella ictaluri,Ikan mas,Cyprinus carpio L,Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val), Edwardsiella ictaluri, common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.)