Residu antibiotika pada hati dan daging ayam yang dijual di Kota Palu
ALFITA, Dandy, Prof. Dr. drh. Bambang Sumiarto, SU., M.Sc
2008 | Tesis | S2 Sain VeterinerTelah dilakukan penelitian residu antibiotika pada hati dan daging ayam yang dijual di Kota Palu. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui prevalensi residu antibiotika pada hati dan daging ayam di Kota Palu dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan 60 ekor ayam yang diambil proporsional dengan ayam yang dijual dan sampel diambil secara random sistematik dari 3 pasar tradisional dan 1 swalayan di Kota Palu. Pemeriksaan adanya residu antibiotika golongan penisilin, makrolida, tetrasiklin, dan aminoglikosida secara kualitatif dengan metode bioassay dilakukan di Balai Besar Veteriner Wilayah IV Wates. Faktor yang diteliti adalah asal ayam, tempat penjualan, jenis ayam, kondisi karkas ayam, warna daging ayam, warna hati ayam, konsistensi hati, berat hati, dan berat karkas. Hasil uji residu antibiotika dan pengamatan faktor penyebab dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, Chi Square, Logistic Regression, dan Linier Regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi residu antibiotika pada hati ayam adalah golonga n makrolida 86,67% (52/60), penisilin 80,0 % (48/60), tetrasiklin 23,33% (14/60), dan aminoglikosid 0% (0/60). Prevalensi residu antibiotika pada daging ayam diperoleh golongan makrolida 1,67 % (1/60), penisilin 1,67% (1/60), tetrasiklin 1,67% (1/60), dan aminoglikosida 0% (0/60). Hasil analisis hubungan dan kekuatan asosiasi uji chi square dan odds ratio ( ?2 ; OR) menunjukkan bahwa variabel tempat penjualan pinggir jalan pasar (?2= 4,67;OR=5,6), asal ayam peternakan rakyat sektor empat (?2 = 4,10; OR=6) dan tempat penjualan di dalam los (?2= 4,65; OR= 0,2) memberikan perbedaan frekuensi yang bermakna adanya residu antibiotika pada hati ayam. Model kejadian residu antibiotika yang dianalisis unweighted logistic regression menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh bermakna (P<0,05) terhadap kejadian residu antibiotika golongan penisilin pada hati dan daging ayam secara berurutan adalah peternakan rakyat sektor 4 (koef reg -2,8432;OR=0,06), kondisi karkas sedang (-2,5907;OR= 0,07), dan tempat penjualan di pinggir jalan pasar (+2,0410;OR=7,7). Variabel yang berpengaruh bermakna (P<0,05) terhadap kejadian residu antibiotika golongan tetrasiklin pada hati dan daging ayam adalah tempat penjualan di dalam los pasar tradisional (-2,1192;OR=0,12), dan kondisi karkas kecil (+1,8201;OR=6,17). Selanjutnya, hasil analisis linier regression variabel yang berpengaruh bermakna (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah jenis antibiotika pada hati dan daging ayam berturut-turut yaitu kandungan residu antibiotika golongan tetrasiklin pada daging (+1,5868), tempat penjualan di pinggir jalan (+1,0807), kondisi karkas sedang (-0,9770), kandungan residu antibiotika golongan penisilin (+ 0,8711), peternakan rakyat sektor 4 (-0,6927), dan kandungan residu makrolida pada daging (+ 0,5868).
The objectives of this study were to obtain information on the prevalence of antibiotics residues, namely pennicillin, macrolide, aminoglycoside and tetracycline groups,in the liver and meat of chickens sold in traditional markets and supermarket in the city of Palu. Factors associated with the odds of the existence of the residue were also investigated. A total of 60 chicken samples were taken proportionally by means of simple random sampling from 3 traditional markets and 1 supermarket in the city. The antibiotics groups, namely pennicillin, macrolide, aminoglycoside and tetracycline were qualitatively examined in the Disease Investigation Center in Wates, Yogyakarta. Factor studied included the origin of the chicken, the location of the market, the breed of the chicken, the condition of the carcass, the colour of the chicken meat, the colour of the chicken liver,the consistency of the liver, the weight of the liver,and the weight of the meat. A ?2 test was used to determine the role of each factor on the existence of residue in the chicken, which was ultimately analyzed by means of logistic regression and linier regression to build up of models. The result showed that the prevalence of the antibiotic residues in the chicken liver was, respectively, 86,67% for macrolide, 80,0% for pennicillin, 23,33% for tetracycline and 0% for aminoglycoside. The chi square (?2) test showed that the origin of the chicken gave a significant difference frequency of the antibiotic residue of tetracycline in chicken liver (?2 =4,10; OR= 6). The location of the market gave a significant difference frecuency of the antibiotic residue of macrolide (?2 =4,67; OR=5,64) and tetracycline (?2=4,65; OR=0,17) in chicken liver. The logistic regression test showed that the chicken sold at outside of the wet market had more risk value 7,70 times of the antibiotic residue of penicillin in its liver. The chicken from backyard and the condition of medium carcass had less risk of value 0,06 times and 0,07 times of the antibiotic residue of penicilline. The condition of small carcass had more risk of value 6,17 times of the antibiotic residue of tetracycline and the chicken sold at outside of the wet market 0,12 times of the antibiotic residue of tetracycline.The linear regression test showed positive association beetwen the macrolide, tetracycline and pennicillin groups with the liver and meat of chickens, each of the coefficient was 0,58675; 1,58675 and 0,87110, respectively. The coefficient of chicken from backyard – 0,69268 and the condition of medium carcass -0,97702 less risk of value of the antibiotic residue of pennicillin, macrolide, and tetracycline. The coefficient of chicken sold outside of the wet market 1,08073 had higher risk of value of the antibiotic residue of pennicillin, macrolide, and tetracycline.
Kata Kunci : Residu antibiotika,Daging ayam,Bioassay, residue, antibiotic, chicken liver, meat, bioassay method