Rancang Bangun Turbin Propeller Open Flume 700 watt dengan bahan Runner dari Daur Ulang Limbah Rubutan Alumunium Terpilih

SOETANTO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Hamzah Berahim, M.T

2008 | Tesis | S2 Sistem Teknik

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bangun turbin propeller open flume 700 watt dengan bahan runner dari daur ulang limbah bubutan alumunium terpilih. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Karanganyar dan di CV. Karya Logam Desa Bejen Kecamatan Karanganyar, Kabupaten. Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember 2007. Metode penelitian dengan merancang dan membuat turbin secara langsung, menguji bahan runner dari limbah bubutan alumunium terpilih dan menguji kinerja turbin. Parameter yang diteliti adalah komposisi bahan alumunium terpilih, kekuatan tarik dan kekerasannya, melalui uji komposisi bahan, uji kekerasan Rocwell B dan uji tarik. Kinerja turbin diukur dari putaran, kuat arus, tegangan, frekuensi dan daya output generator. Rancangan turbin meliputi daya output 704 watt, head 3 meter dan debit 32 liter/detik. Ukuran utama turbin yaitu: diameter runner 130 mm, tebal runner 50 mm, jumlah sudu 5 buah, diameter buss 51 mm, diameter poros 14 mm, diameter poros pada bantalan 20 mm, transmisi sabuk-v tipe A dengan diameter puli besar 120 mm, diameter puli kecil 65 mm. Generator mempunyai kapasitas 1000 watt jenis induksi satu phasa dengan 2 buah pole, putaran sinkron 3000 rpm. Uji komposisi menunjukkan kandungan unsur-unsur ; Si 8,79 %, Fe 1,09 %, Cu 1,95 %, Zn 2,02 % dan Al 85 %. Unsur lainnya dibawah 1 %. Uji kekerasan Rocwell B untuk bahan runner menghasilkan angka 75,2 RB dan kekuatan tarik 12,09 kg/mm2. Hasil uji kinerja turbin didapatkan; tegangan 220 volt pada putaran 3000 rpm, frekuensi 50 Hz, kuat arus 2,4 ampere, daya output tertinggi pada saat diuji 525 watt. Efisiensi total turbin sebesar 55 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancang bangun turbin propeller open flume 700 watt dengan bahan runner dari daur ulang limbah bubutan alumunium terpilih dapat dilaksanakan dengan hasil berkisar pada perencanaan. Analisis ekonomi turbin, instalasi sipil, kelistrikan, dan kelengkapan lainnya cukup layak dengan B/C ratio = 1,37.

This research is aimed to design and build a 700 Watt Open flume Propeller Turbine with runner materials from selected Alumunium guy wire waste recycling. The research is carried out at SMK Negeri 2 Karanganyar high school and at CV. Karya Logam in Bejen village, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java in November until December 2007. The method of the research is by designing and making the turbine directly, examining the runner materials from the selected aluminium guy wire waste and examining the performance of the turbine. The parameter tested is the composition of the selected aluminium, tensile strength and hardness, through the test of materials composition, Rocwell B hardness test, and stretching test. The performance of the turbine is measured from the rotation, amperage, voltage, frequencies, output generator power. The design of turbine comprises a 704 watt output power, 3 meter head and 32 liter per second discharge. The main dimension of turbine is 30 mm for the runner diameter, 50 mm for the runner thickness, 5 for the number of blades, 51 mm for the buss diameter, 14 mm for the shaft diameter, 20 mm for the shaft diameter on bearing, A type v-belt transmission with the big pully diameter 120 mm, and 65 mm for the small pully diameter. The generator has a capacity of 1000 watt with the induction type is one phase with two poles, and the synchronous rotation is 3000 rpm. The composition test shows the content of elements: 8.79 % Si, 1.09 % Fe, 1.95 % Cu, 2.02% Zn and 85 % Al. Other elements are less than 1 %. Rocwell B hardness test for the runner material shows number 75.2 RB and for the tensile strength 12.09kg/mm2. The result of turbine performance test is: 220 volt for the voltage at the rotation of 3000 rpm, 50 Hz frequency, 2.4 ampere for the amperage, the highest output power is when tested at 525 watt and the total efficiency of turbine is 55 %. The result of the research shows that the designing and building of the 700 watt open flume propeller turbine with the runner materials from the selected aluminium guy wire waste recycling can be done with the result to the specifications. Turbine economic analysis, civil installation, electricity, and other equipments deserve with B/C ratio = 1.37.

Kata Kunci : Turbin Propeler,Limbah Alumunium, Turbine, runner, waste, alumunium