Hydrothermal Treatment of Palm Fibre :: Research at Department of Resources Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan

WIRASETYA, Yusa Rachmat, Ir. Supranto, M.Sc., Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin

Biomass merupakan salah satu j alan keluar dalam peningkatan energi alternat if. Hydrothermal merupakan salah satu bagian dari proses biomass. Proses hydrothermal dalam penel i tian ini dilakukan dengan suhu 270 °C-380 °c. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah serat kelapa sawit dari propinsi Sumatra Selatan. Serat kel apa sawit dibuat dalam bentuk slurry sebelum dilakukan proses hydrotermal. Proses hydrothermal ini di bagi dalam 3 tahap yaitu pre -heating, heating dan cooling. Proses ini menghasilkan 3 produk yaitu gas, cair, dan padatan . Produk gas yang dihasilk an adalah CO, C02, 02, H2 dan CH4, yang di deteksi menggunak an GC. Sedangkan untuk produk cai r di lakukan dengan TOC dan GC-MS. Untuk produk padat dilakukan analysis menggunakan analisa ultimate dan proxi mate u ntuk mengidentifikasi kadar C,H,N,O dan abu, juga dilakukan analisa menggun akan FT/I R. Dari data kualitatif dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan anal isa FT/IR ju ga acetone extraction pada produk pad at terdapat komponen-komponen aromatik , sell ulosa, hemisellulosa, dan juga l igni n. Dari anal isa produk padat juga dapat dilihat data calorific value dan fixed carbon mengalami peningkatan untuk setiap kenai kan perlakuan suhu. Dari grafik coal band menunjukkan pada suhu 270 °C mengalami proses dehydration , pada suhu 270 °C - 350 °C mengalami decarbonization dan pada suhu 380 °C mengalami demethanation. Dari anal isa produk cair yang menggunakan TOC dan GC-MS dapat dilihat bahwa pada suhu 270 °C and 380 °C mengalami kenaikan kadar ph enol. Dan juga terjadi peningkatan kadar fulfural dan HMF pada suhu rendah. Sedangkan untuk analisa produk gas bahwa terjadi peningkatan f-12 (350 °C dan 380 °C), peningkatan CO n amun pada suhu tinggi menghasilkan gas C02 tinggi dan mengalami demethanation (menghasilkan CH4).

Biomass is one solution for the development of alternative energy. Hydrothermal is one type of treatment in the biomass processing. Hydrothermal treatment of palm fibre is conducted in the range temperature of 270 0C-380 0C. The raw material used in the treatment is palm fibre that comes from the Province of South Sumatra. The palm fibre is made into slurry before conducting the treatment. The treatment itself is divided into three phases, which are pre-heating, heating (treatment), and cooling. In those process, it generated three products : gas, liquid, and solid. The gas product generated gasses of CO, CO2, O2, H2 and CH4, which was detected using GC. On the other hand, the solid product was analyzed using TOC and GC-MS. The solid product also was analyzed using FT/IR. The solid product was examined using ultimate and proximate analysis to identify the contents of C,H,N,O and ash contents. From the qualitative data obtained from the FT/IR analysis of the solid product and acetone extraction, the collected data shows existence of various compounds such as aromatic, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It can also be observed from the data that calorific value and fixed carbon experiences increase as the treatment temperature rises. However, from the coal band graphic chart, at the temperature of 270 °C dehydration occurred, at temperature of 270 °C - 350 °C decarbonization also occurred, and at temperature of 380 °C demethanation occured. From the analysis of liquid product using TOC and GC-MS, it can be observed that at temperatures of 270 °C and 380 °C there was an increase in phenol and also there was an increase in fulfural and including increase in HMF at lower temperatures. As from the data the analysis of gas product there was an increase in the contents of H2 (350 °C and 380 °C) and increase in CO (270 °C and 380 °C) but at supercritical temperature of 380 °C has the highest contents of CO2 and experienced demethanation (produces CH4).

Kata Kunci : Hydrothermal Proses,Energi Alternatif,Biomass