Calving Interval sapi perah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta ditinjau dari kinerja reproduksi dan imbangan ransum yang diberikan

PRAMONO, Ahmad, Ir. Kustomo, M.Sc.,Ph.D

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui calving interval sapi perah di DIY ditinjau dari kinerja reproduksi dan imbangan ransum yang diberikan. Sebanyak 62 kelompok ternak yang terdapat di 3 koperasi susu (UPP Kaliurang, Sarono Makmur dan Warga Mulya), dipilih masing-masing 5 kelompok dari setiap koperasi secara random sederhana. Dari 15 kelompok ternak terpilih ini, sampel diambil secara random sederhana pula sebanyak 120 peternak (responden) dan sampel ternak sapi perah dengan syarat minimal telah laktasi kedua sebanyak 132 ekor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan cara survei ke lapangan, wawancara, kuesioner, observasi dan analisis laboratorium untuk memperoleh data primer dan sekunder. Parameter yang diukur calving interval, postpartum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C) dan masa sapih. Data yang diperoleh di analisis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata calving interval sapi perah di DIY sebesar 434,77±59,20 hari. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa postpartum mating dan service per conception berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap calving interval sapi perah di DIY, dengan persamaan regresi Y = 230,826 + 28,892 X1 + 33,587 X2 + 3,812 X3, dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,687. Rata-rata postpartum mating 4,21±1,20 bulan, service per conception 1,98±0,91 kali dan masa sapih 4,08±1,07 bulan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa calving interval sapi perah di DIY rata-rata 434,77±59,20 hari. Faktor yang berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap calving interval sapi perah di DIY adalah postpartum mating (4,21±1,20 bulan) dan service per conception (1,98±0,91 kali) sedangkan masa sapih sebesar 4,08±1,07 bulan tidak memberikan pengaruh pada penelitian ini. Imbangan ransum yang diberikan belum memenuhi kebutuhan protein sapi perah di DIY dengan pemenuhan energi yang terbatas terutama pada dua bulan akhir kebuntingan terjadi defisiensi energi dan protein yang cukup besar. Imbangan ransum yang diberikan hanya seimbang untuk sapi perah dengan produksi susu rata-rata 6 liter/ekor/hari.

The research was done to investigate calving interval of dairy cows in Yogyakarta Province based on reproductive performance and balanced ration given. Sixty two farmer groups of three milk cooperative, namely UPP-Kaliurang, Sarono Makmur and Warga Mulya and were randomly taken five farmer groups for each cooperative. Selective fifteen farmer groups (15 groups), by simply random were taken 120 farmers as respondents and 132 cows as a sample. For each farmer at least raised dairy cow and had reached second lactation. The research methods were field survey, interview, questionaire, observation and laboratorium analysis to gather both premier and secondary data. Parameter measurements were calving interval time, postpartum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C) and weaning time. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The result shows, the average calving interval of dairy cows in Yogyakarta Province was 434.77±59.20 days. The result of regression analysis demonstrated that postpartum mating and service per conception had highly significant effect (P<0.01) toward calving interval, by regression line of Y = 230.826 + 28.892 X1 + 33.587 X2 + 3.812 X3, with determinant coefficient (R2) as much as 0.687. The average of postpartum mating was 4.21±1.20 months, while service per conception 1.98±0.91 times and weaning time was 4.08±1.07 months. Research could be concluded calving interval in Yogyakarta Province was 434.77±59.20 days. The dominant factors influenced calving interval of dairy cows in Yogyakarta Province were postpartum mating (4.21±1.20 months) and service per conception (1.98±0.91 times), while the weaning time 4.08±1.07 months was not significantly effect in this research. The balanced ration given has not yet sufficed the needs of dairy cows protein in Yogyakarta by fulfilling limited energy, especially in the last two-month pregnant when they loose a large quantity of energy and protein. The balanced ration given sufficiently only to dairy cows which has average milk production of 6 liters per day.

Kata Kunci : Sapi Perah,Kinerja Reproduksi,Calving Interval,Ransum,Dairy cows, Calving interval, Balanced ration