Faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang pada Balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi

RUSMIMPONG, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar Belakang : Penyebab tidak langsung terjadinya balita gizi kurang dan gizi buruk di antaranya adalah perilaku ibu. Perilaku ibu sendiri dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, motivasi dan dukungan sosial. Berdasarkan data status gizi balita Kota Jambi Tahun 2006, Puskesmas Kenali Besar mempunyai balita gizi kurang dan buruk paling tinggi yaitu : 14,59 % dan menempati urutan kedua yang paling rendah gizi baiknya yaitu : 79,13 % dibandingkan dengan Puskesmas lainnya. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, motivasi, dukungan sosial dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Unit analisis adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita sebanyak 102 ibu balita. Lokasi penelitian Puskesmas Kenali Besar Kota Jambi, pengambilan sampel secara Cluster (gugus) bertahap. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis Univariat dan Bivariat, pengujian statistik dengan menggunakan Uji Kai Kuadrat/Chi Square (X2) serta analisis Multivariat dengan Uji Statistik Regresi Logistik. Hasil Penelitian : Perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang dalam kategori baik 65,7% dan 34,3% kategori kurang baik. Pengetahuan ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang 57,8% dalam kategori baik dan 42,2% kategori kurang baik. Motivasi ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang 63,7% kategori tinggi dan 36,3% kategori rendah. Dukungan sosial yang mempengaruhi ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang 56,9% kategori tinggi dan 43,1% kategori rendah. Hasil Uji Statistik diperoleh ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, motivasi, dukungan sosial (p < 0,05) dengan perilaku ibu dalam pemberian makanan gizi seimbang.

Background: One of the indirect causes for the prevalence of undernourishment and malnutrition among children under five is mothers' behavior. The behavior of mothers is affected by knowledge, education, job, motivation and social support. Data of nutrition status of children under five at Jambi Municipality 2006 indicate that in the working area of Kenali Besar Health Center as much as 14.59% of children under five were undernourished and malnourished. The health center was also in the second rank among other health centers with lowest nutrition status (79.13%). Objective: To identify the relationship between knowledge, education, job, motivation, social support and mothers' behavior in providing foods with balanced nutrition. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design and quantitative approach. Analysis units were as many as 102 mothers of children under five. Location of the study was Kenali Besar Health Center of Jambi Municipality. Sampling was made in cluster. Data were obtained from structured interview using questionnaire. Data analysis used univariable and bivariable techniques. Statistical test used chi square and multivariable analysis used logistic regression. Result: Mothers' behavior in providing foods with balanced nutrition was 65.7% good and 34.3% less good. Mothers' knowledge was 57.8% good and 42.2% less good. Mothers' education was 70.6% high and 29.4% low. Mothers' job status was 53.9% unemployed and 41.1% employed. Mothers' motivation was 63.7% high and 36.3% low. Social support which affected mothers in providing foods with balanced nutrition was 56.9% high and 43.1% low. The result of statistical test showed that there was relationship between knowledge, education, job, motivation, social support (p<0.05) and mothers' behavior in providing foods with balanced nutrition. Conclusion: There was relationship between knowledge, education, job, motivation, social support and mothers' behavior in providing foods with balanced nutrition.

Kata Kunci : Gizi Balita, Perilaku Ibu, Gizi Seimbang, knowledge, education, motivation, behavior, balanced nutrition, social support.