Efektivitas insektisida Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-Cyhalothrin terhadap nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus dan Aedes aegypti aplikasi Thermal Fogging

BADJUKA, Bun Yamin M, Dr. Damar Tri Boewono, MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja (Kesehatan Lingkungan)

Latar belakang: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (BDB) dan filariasis sudah menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia dan masalah tersebut akan semakin meningkat dimasa mendatang, sehingga vektornya perlu dikendalikan antara lain menggunakan Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-cyhalothrin dengan aplikasi thermal fogging. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji perbedaan efektifitas Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-cyhalothrin, terhadap rerata kematian nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Cx. quinquefasciatus di dalam dan di luar rumah, menguji perbedaan KT50 dan KT95 Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-cyhalothrin, terhadap rerata kelumpuhan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Cx. quinquefasciatus dengan aplikasi thermal fogging. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan eksperimen. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 buah rumah penduduk yang berukuran kurang lebih 200 m2. Nyamuk Ae.aegypti dan Cx. quinquefasciatus dalam kurungan ditempatkan di dalam dan di luar rumah setinggi 150 cm dari lantai.. Aplikasi thermal fogging menggunakan nozzel diameter 0,8 mm, dilakukan pada pagi hari antara pukul 08.00-0.00. Variabel terikat: Kematian nyamuk 24 jam dan kelumpuhan 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit, Variabel bebas: Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambdacyhalothrin. Hasil penelitian: Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara efektifitas Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-cyhalothrin, terhadap rerata kematian nyamuk Ae. aegypti di dalam maupun di luar rumah dalam waktu 24 jam; Ada perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara efektifitas Malathion, Cypermethrin dan Lambda-cyhalothrin terhadap rerata kematian nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus di dalam dan di luar rumah selama 24 jam di dalam dan di luar rumah. Malathion lebih efektif daripada Cypermethrin dan Lambda-cyhalothrin; Ada perbedaan KT50 dan KT95 Malathion, Cypermethrin, dan Lambda-cyhalothrin pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Cx. quinquefasciatus di dalam dan di luar rumah. KT50 Cypermethrin (7’21”) lebih cepat daripada Malathion dan Lambda-cyhalothrin pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan KT50 Malathion (21’10”) lebih cepat daripada Cypermethrin dan Lambda-cyhalothrin pada nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus di dalam maupun di luar rumah.

Background: Dengue haemorrhagic fever and lymphatic filariasis is a global health problem and the problem will likely to increase in the future so that their vector should be controlled using insecticides through thermal fogging. Objective:The study was aimed to assess the difference effectiveness on Malathion, cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin in controlling Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus inside and outside of the house, Knockdown Time (KT)50 and KT95 of Malathion, Cypermethrin and Lambdacyhalothrin against average paralysis of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus through thermal fogging. Method: The study used was an experimental design. There were as many as 30 houses of approximatelly 200 square meters as subject of the study. Tested mosquitos Ae.aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus in the cage were placed inside and outside of the house at 150 cm height above the floor. The fogging used was nozzle of 0.8 mm in diameter, which was conducted in the morning between 0.8 am-10 am. The dependent variables were death of mosquitoes within 24 hours and paralysis in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes; the independent variables were Malathion, Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin. Result: There was no significant difference in effectiveness of Malathion, Cypermethrin, and Lambda-cyhalothrin against average death of Ae. aegypti outside and inside of the house within 24 hours. There was very significant difference in effectiveness of Malathion, Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin against average death of Cx. quinquefasciatus within 24 hours inside and outside of the house. Malathion was more effective than Cypermethrin and Lambda – cyhalothrin. There was a different in Knockdown Time (KT)50 and KT95 of Malathion, Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin in Ae.aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus inside and outside of the house. KT50 of Cypermetrin (7’21”) was quicker than Malathion and Lambda-cyhalothrin in Aedes aegypti and KT50 of Malathion (21’10”) was quicker than Cypermethrin and Lambda – cyhalothrin in Culex quinquefasciatus inside and outside of the house.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan,Fogging,Malathion,Demam Berdarah Dengue,Filariasis,