Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan konsumen terhadap upaya pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di BPG Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali

ARTAWA, I Made Budi, drg. Niken Widyanti S., MDSc

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi

Latar Belakang: Upaya kesehatan gigi preventif di BPG Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakatnya. Namun permintaan masyarakat terhadap upaya pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan permintaan terhadap upaya kuratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan konsumen terhadap pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan cross sectional. Variabel bebas adalah: umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan, pengalaman sebelumnya, kelompok referensi, aksesibilitas dan kelengkapan fasilitas. Variabel terikatnya yaitu permintaan konsumen terhadap pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 135 orang sampel, yang dipilih secara purposif sebanyak 15 orang sampel dari masing-masing puskesmas di 9 Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan checklist yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji regresi berganda. Hasil: Hasil uji regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara faktor tingkat pendidikan (ß=0,267; p=0,001), pengetahuan (ß = 0,027; p = 0,002), pengalaman sebelumnya (ß=0,199; p=0,003), kelompok referensi (ß=0,132; p=0,007), lokasi/aksesibilitas (ß=0,363; p=0,004) dan kelengkapan fasilitas (ß=0,215; p=0,007), tetapi faktor umur tidak ada hubungan bermakna (p > 0,05) dengan permintaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali. Faktor-faktor tersebut memberikan kontribusi pengaruh terhadap permintaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali sebesar 48%, dengan perincian: pendidikan=8,9%, pengetahuan=7,1%, pengalaman sebelumnya=6,9%, kelompok referensi=5,6%, aksesibilitas=6,5%, dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi=5,6%. Kesimpulan: (1) Pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif yang tersedia berada pada katagori minimal (2) Permintaan paling banyak adalah pembersihan karang gigi, tidak ada permintaan aplikasi topikal dan fisur silen. (3) Umur tidak berpengaruh terhadap permintaan upaya pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif. (4) Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan, semakin baik pengalaman sebelumnya, semakin kuat pengaruh kelompok referensi, semakin mudah aksesibilitas dan semakin lengkap fasilitas kesehatan gigi, maka semakin tinggi permintaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali. (5) Tingkat pendidikan memberikan kontribusi pengaruh paling besar terhadap permintaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi preventif di Puskesmas Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali.

Background: The provision of preventive dental health service at the dental clinic of health centres at Bangli District is an effort to improve the oral health status of the community. However the demand of the community for preventive dental health service is much lower than the demand for curative services. The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the consumer demand for preventive dental health service at the health centres of Bangli District, Bali. Method: A non experimental study with a cross sectional design was conducted on 135 samples that were chosen randomly from patients of 9 Puskesmas, comprised of 15 patients of each Puskesmas of Bangli District, Bali. Questionnaires based on Likert scale was used to assess the independent variables (age, education, knowledge, experience, reference group, accessibility and completeness of facilities) and the dependent variable (consumer demand for preventive dental health service). A checklist was used to assess the type of the availability of preventive dental health service at health centres. Result: The results of the regression test showed that there were significant correlation between factors of education (ß = 0.267; p=0.001), knowledge (ß=0.027; p=0.002), experience (ß=0.199; p=0.003), reference group (ß=0.132; p=0.007), location/ accessibility (ß=0.363; p=0.004) and completeness of facilities (ß=0.215; p=0.007), but age was not significant with the demand for preventive dental health service at the health centres of Bangli District, Bali. The influencing factors gave 48% contribution to the demand for preventive dental health service at the health centres of Bangli District, Bali in which education, knowledge, experience, age group, location/accessibility, and the completeness of facilities gave 8,9%, 7,1%, 6,9%, 5,6%, 6,5%, and 5,6% respectively Conclusion: (1) The provision of preventive dental health service was available at the minimum category (2) The most preventive demand was scaling (3) Age didn't influence the demand for preventive dental health service, (4) The higher the education and the knowledge, the better the past experience, the more complete the health facilities, the stronger the reference group and the easier the accessibility to the health centers, the better is the demand for the preventive dental health service at the health centres of Bangli District, Bali. (5) Education is the most influencing factor to the demand for preventive dental health service at the health centres of Bangli District, Bali.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Gigi,Pelayanan Puskesmas,Permintaan Masyarakat, demand, preventive dental health service, health centre, Bangli District