Perlindungan hak pekerja dan kewajiban pengusaha dalam perusahaan pailit

SOEDJITO, Arief, Prof.Dr. Nindyo Pramono, SH.,MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum (Magister Hukum Bisnis)

Perseroan terbatas sebagai badan hukum, yang dipersamakan dengan orang, merupakan pendukung hak dan kewajiban. Tujuan utama didirikannya perseroan, adalah untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari hasil usaha yang dijalankan dengan mengelola modal perseroan. Di dalam menajalankan usaha dimaksud, agar tidak melanggar kepentingan pihak ketiga atau Negara, baik yang berkaitan dengan usaha perseroan maupun tidak, maka perseroan dijalankan dengan itukad baik (intra virus). Untuk itu, semua organ perseroan yang terdiri dari Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham, Komisaris dan Direksi dalam menjalankan roda perseroan, mengindahkan peraturan perundang – undangan yang berlaku, Anggaran Dasar Perseroan dan doktrin – doktrin yang diakui dalam hukum bisnis, terutama dalam hal tanggung jawab atas kepercayaan (fiduciary duty) dan prinsip pelaksanaan perseroan yang baik (good corporate governance). Walaupun tujuan utama didirikannya perseroan adalah mencari keuntungan, namun tidak selamanya usaha itu berhasil. Ada kalanya usaha perseroan gagal, bahkan perseroan mengalami kerugian sampai jatuh pailit. Oleh Undang – undang Kepailitan diatur pihak yang mengajukan pailit. Permohonan pailit dapat diajukan oleh debitur sendiri, para debitu, Kejaksaan untuk kepentingan umum, Bank Indonesia untuk debitu Bank, dan Badan Pengawasan Pasar Modal untuk debitu perusahaan efek. Sejak terjadinya kepailitan, debitur pailit tidak cakap lagi untuk bertindak mengurus harta peninggalan atau curator. Diatur pula macam – macam kreditur dan tata urutan pembayaran utangnya. Kreditur separatis mempunyai hak mendahuku secara berurutan dan selebihnya kreditur konkuren yang memperoleh pembayaran secara proporsional atas piutangnya. Dalam menjalankan usahanya, perseroan terbatas mempekerjakan sejumlah pekerja, yang diikat denga perjanjian kerja, baik yang dibuat secara tertulis atau secara lisan. Sebagai perjanjian timbale balik, selama hubungan kerja berlangsung, timbul hak dan kewajiban yang dating silih berganti. Dengan terjadinya kepailitn, oleh undang – undang Kepailitan, pekerja dinyatakan dapat diputuskan hubungan kerjanya dan upahnya ditetapkan sebagai utang. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk

Proprietary Limited as a legal entity is, comparable to human beings, supporter of rights and obligations. The niain reason behii1 the estab1islìieiit of a proprietary is to niake 1)I0t1t by doing business of in’esting with corporate capital. In doing the aforesaid business and in order that il does not violate the rights of any third party or the State, either related to the corporate trade or not, Proprietary Limited is run with good will. By this it ieans that it is essential that all eleiiients of the Proprietary Limited, consisting of’ shareholders, the board of coniììissioners, and the managenent, in corporate governing should take heed of PLCSCIibCd Jaws, the corporate statute and accepted doctrines in business law, especially those regarding fiduciary ditty and good corporate governance. While the i-nain objective of establishing a Iroprietary limited is niaking 1)LOfit, the endeavor is not always a success. From tine to time, a biLsiness does not succeed and. even worse, starts suffering loss and finally goes bankrupt. Bankruptcy Law prescribes those who are entitled to file a legal suit on bankruptcy. Plea for bankruptcy can be done by the debtor himself, public attorney, Bank Indonesia for bank debtors, and The Capital Market Supervisory Agency for debtor securities company. Once bankruptcy is declared, the bankrupt debtor is no longer capable of becoming a curator: taking care of inherited asset. Also prescribed are kinds of creditors and the order of payment of debt. Separate creditors reserves the right to go Íkst in order. On the other hand, congruent creditors get ¡)Ioportional payiient for his croci its. In doing its business, proprietary limited hire employees binded by ‘ork agreements, either put into PPr or in words only. The agreement is reciprocal in nature: during ‘ork relationship, rights and obligations are in dynamic move. With the coming of bankruptcy, vorkers are declared by the Bankruptcy Law to have been dismissed and their duc salary is decided as debt. This thesis aims at giving a description of the issues that rises in a work relationship as a result of corporate bankruptcy. The thesis exposes and discusses legal consequences in work relationship that result from corporate bankruptcy. Also discussed are problems faced by workers and its solutions in order to protect workers as one of the stakeholders in running the proprietary limited. This way, it is expected that bankruptcy does not add loss to workers’ already poor socio-emotional si tiiations. At the end of the thesis, some suggestions on solving the problems are given. It is recommended that: the authorities of Commercial Court be extended in order to solve problems of vork relationship during the state of bankruptcy; workers salary be the preference credit; an amendment be done on the law of reversal burden of proof on

Kata Kunci : Perjanjian Kerja,Perlindungan Pekerja,Kepailitan