Perlindungan hukum atas karya jurnalistik menurut Undang-undang Hak Cipta :: Studi kasus LKBN Antara di Batam

NASUTION, Surya Makmur, Prof.Dr. Nindyo Pramono, SH.,MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum (Magister Hukum Bisnis)

Karya jurnalistik tidak lagi semata produk idealisme, sebagai penyampai berita atas sebuah peristiwa atau kejadian di masyarakat. Akan tetapi, sudah menjadi mesin industri atau produk investasi. Hampir semua proses produk jurnalistik bersentuhan dengan uang atau modal. Itu dibuktikan dari banyaknya produk oplah atau tiras dan iklan atau advetorial. Tuntutan dan keinginan pembaca untuk memperoleh informasi yang cepat, bukanlah sesuatu yang sulit. Perusahaan pers dapat memenuhinya dengan menyediakan media online, yang dapat diakses setiap saat. Dampak dari kecepatan pemberitaan tersebut tidak jarang hasil karya jurnalistik diambil orang atau oleh perusahaan pers lain yang dapat merugikan hak moral dan hak ekonomi pemegang hak cipta. Berdasarkan penelitian di Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional (LKBN) Antara Batam banyak produk jurnalistik yang diambil pihak lain secara tidak sah untuk kepentingan komersil. Masalahnya, perlindungan dan penegakan hukum terhadap hak cipta karya jurnalistik masih minim. Praktek penegakan hukum belum dilaksanakan semestinya. Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta, prakteknya ternyata belum memadai memberi perlindungan. UUHC 2002 hanya memberikan perlindungan terhadap karya jurnalistik, yaitu pada berita-berita aktual, atau berita yang ditulis dalam tempo 1 x 24 jam, seperti berita straight news/hard news/spot news. Berita-berita karya jurnalistik lain, seperti soft news (berita ringan dan feature) dan indepth reporting atau investigative reporting, belum tersentuh UUHC 2002. Di lain pihak, pengambilan berita aktual pun, praktiknya sering dilakukan di luar waktu 1 x 24 jam.

Journalism products are not merely products of idealism manifested in reporting news of events that happen in a society. Yet, they have also been part of industrial apparatuses or in other words, products of investment. Nearly all processes in the production of journalism products involve money (capital), as evident in the large number of circulation as well as advertisement or advertorial. Reader’s demand for quick access to the most recent information is not an issue. In order to meet the demand, press agencies offer online media, which are accessible at anytime. Consequently, it is very likely that journalism products are stolen by other parties or other press agencies, violating moral and economic rights. The results of research conducted in the Indonesian News Agency (LKBN) Antara Batam indicate that many journalism products have been used illegally by other parties for commercial interest. Such a problem arises due to a poor level of legal protection and enforcement of copyright law for journalism products. The law has not been effectively enforced. In its implementation, the Law No. 19/2002 on Copyright Law gives inadequate legal protection. Legal protection extended by the Law is limited to actual news or news reported within 24 hours, such as straight news, hard news, and spot news. Other types of journalism products, such as soft news, including feature, and in-depth reporting and investigative reporting, are not covered in the Law. In fact, the activity of gathering actual news is often carried out beyond 24 hours.

Kata Kunci : Undang,undang Hak Cipta,Perlindungan Hukum,Karya Jurnalistik, Copyright Law, Journalism Product