Optimasi komposisi pelarut pada pembuatan ekstrak lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) secara simplex lattice design dengan parameter kadar Flavonoid total

HANDAYANI, Nestri, Prof.Dr. Suwidjiyo Pramono, DEA.,Apt

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan telah diisolasi dan diidentifikasi flavonoid pada rimpang lempuyang wangi dan hasilnya terdapat tujuh glikosida flavonoid serta dua aglikon flavonoid yang terbukti berefek sebagai penghambat CYP3A4. Selain flavonoid, kandungan zat berkhasiat dalam rimpang lempuyang wangi diantaranya adalah kurkumin dan minyak atsiri. Sediaan obat dari bahan alam yang berkualitas selain ditentukan ekstrak sebaga i bahan aktif, juga ditentukan oleh bahan-bahan tambahannya. Ekstrak sebagai bahan aktif harus memiliki kandungan zat aktif yang optimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi pada proses pembuatannya. Salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan dalam optimasi pembuatan ekstrak adalah optimasi komposisi pelarut dengan metode simplex lattice design. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan optimasi komposisi pelarut pada pembuatan ekstrak lempuyang wangi secara simplex lattice design dengan parameter kadar flavonoid total. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah berbagai perbandingan antara etanol dan air. Selain flavonoid total dilakukan juga standardisasi kadar zat aktif lain dalam tanaman lempuyang wangi yaitu kurkumin dan minyak atsiri. Kurkumin ditetapkan kadarnya secara Kromatografi Lapis Tipis densitometri dan minyak atsiri ditetapkan kadarnya dengan metode destilasi Stahl. Standardisasi dilakukan terhadap ekstrak rimpang lempuyang wangi yang tumbuh di tiga daerah berbeda. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% menunjukkan kadar flavonoid maksimal sehingga digunakan sebagai pelarut terpilih. Hasil penetapan zat aktif sebagai parameter optimasi dan standardisasi ekstrak menunjukkan kadar flavonoid total dalam ekstrak etanol 96% lempuyang wangi dari tiga daerah adalah Wonogiri sebesar 17,03%, Sleman 16,71% dan Tawangmangu 15,26%. Kadar kurkumin ekstrak dari Tawangmangu sebesar 0,0140%, Wonogiri 0,0159% dan Sleman 0,0166 %. Kadar minyak atsiri dari daerah Tawangmangu sebesar 15,14%, Wonogiri 15,53% dan Sleman 13,59%. Uji statistika ANAVA menunjukkan kadar flavonoid, kurkumin dan minyak atsiri dari tiga daerah tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna.

Lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum, Val.) was known as the one of plants that has been used as a traditional medicine by Indonesian people. Several flavonoids had been identified from this rhizome. There were seven flavonoid glycosides and two flavonoid aglycones were effectively as a CYP3A4 inhibitors. Other active constituents reported of this plant were curcumin and essential oils. The quality of drug dispensing from natural product are determined mainly by extract as an active substance and also ingredients. In order to increase the quality of Zingiber aromaticum products, optimation of extract production was done using simplex lattice design with flavonoid as parameter of standardization. The water and ethanolic mixtures were used as solvent extraction with composition 1:0, 1:1, and 0:1. The optimal solvent obtained was applied in extraction procedure of the rhizome collected from Wonogiri, Sleman and Tawangmangu. The assay of total flavonoid was done by spectrophotometry after reaction with Alumunium Chloride. The content of curcumin and essential oil were also determined in order to complete the standardization. Curcumin was determined by thin layer chromatography-densitometric and essential oil content was determined by Stahl destilation. The result showed that ethanol 96% was the optimal solvent to extract total flavonoid and the standardization gave 17,03% total flavonoid content of rhizome extract from Wonogiri, 16,71% from Sleman and 15,26% from Tawangmangu. The curcumin content of rhizome extract from Wonogiri was 0.016%, from Sleman was 0.017% and from Tawangmang was 0.014%, while the essential oil content of rhizome extract from Wonogiri was 15.53%, from Sleman was 13.59% and from Tawangmangu was 15.14%. The research data were analyzed statistically by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and continued by ANAVA with 95% degree of confidence. There were no significant differences between three extract from three places.

Kata Kunci : Obat,Lempuyang Wangi,Optimasi Ekstrak,FLavonoid, extract optimation, Zingiber aromaticum , standardization, flavonoid, curcumin, essential oil