Prevalensi dan faktor risiko Pterigium pada populasi dewasa Suku Bangsa Jawa di Indonesia :: Studi Mata Yogyakarta

PARAMITA, Rastri, Prof.Dr. Suhardjo, SU.,SpM(K)

2008 | Tesis | PPDS I Ilmu Penyakit Mata

Latar belakang: Telah banyak dilakukan survey tentang pterigium di banyak negara. Tetapi sebagian besar survey tersebut berbasis rumah sakit atau klinik daripada berbasis populasi. Faktor risiko kejadian pterigium juga telah banyak diteliti di banyak negara. Faktor seperti paparan sinar ultraviolet. merokok sigaret dan sindrom kekeringan air mata diduga berhubungan dengan kejadian pterigium. Obyektif: Untuk mengetahui besar prevalensi serta pola hubungan faktor risiko pterigium yang mewakili penduduk dewasa suku bangsa Jawa wilayah propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Indonesia. Metoda: Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan community based cross sectional study yang dilaksanakan dari Augustus 2004 - November 2004. Pengambilan sampel secara stratified random sampling dari 18 desa pada 18 kecamatan di 4 kabupaten dan 1 kotamadya propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kriteria sampel adalah semua penduduk berusia di atas 20 tahun bersuku bangsa Jawa yang bertempat tinggal di dalam wilayah pemeriksaan dan mendatangi tempat pemeriksaan. Hasil: Jumlah subyek dalam penelitian ini 1222 orang, terdiri dari 401 laki-laki dan 820 perempuan. Ditemukan 144 orang menderita pterigium. sehingga angka prevalensi pterigium di propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta l 1.8%. Terbanyak status pekerjaan sebagai petani dan buta huruf. Prevalensi pterigium paling tinggi terdapat di kecamatan Purwosari, Gunung Kidul sebesar 23.6%. berarti dari 144 subyek dengan 36 orang diantaranya tinggal di Purwosari, Gunung Kidul (p<0.001). Hasil analisis regresi logistik didapatkan faktor risiko berupajenis kelamin, usia. lama terpapar matahari tiap hari serta riwayat pemakaian pelindung saat kegiatan di luar gedung bcrperan terhadap kejadian pterigium (_p<0.05). Melihat hasil koefisien regresi terlihat jenis kelamin memberi kontribusi 10.75%. umur 12,41%, lama terpapar matahari tiap hari 9.36% dan memakai pelindung -7.65% terhadap kejadian pterigium. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi populasi dewasa suku bangsa Jawa di propinsi Daerah lstimewaYogyakarta adalah 11.8%. lebih banyak terjadi pada perempuan. Prevalensi teringgi terdapat di kecamatan Purwosari, Gunung Kidul. Hasil analisis regresi logistik didapatkan faktor risiko berupa jenis kelamin, usia, lama terpapar matahari tiap hari serta riwayat pemakaian pelindung saat kegiatan di luar gedung berperan terhadap kejadian pterigium.

BACKGROUND: Several surveys of pterygium had been conducted in many countries. However. a lot of the surveys were hospital or clinical based than population based. Risk factors of the development of pterygium had been evaluated in several countries. Factors like ultraviolet light exposure. cigarettes smoking, and dry eye syndrome were associated to the etiology of pterygium. OBJECTIVE: to know the rate of prevalence of pterygium at Yogyakarta province and its risk factors pattern. METHODS : This study is a population based with community based cross sectional study. conducted from August. 2004 - November. 2004. The sampling method was stratified random sampling from 18 villages at 18 districts in 5 residences at Yogyakarta province. The subjects were citizen with ages more than 20 years old. lived in these villages and visit the examination. RESULTS: Subject were taken from 18 villages, total 1222 people. there were 401 males and 820 females. There were 144 subjects diagnosed as pterygium. so the rate of prevalences at Yogyakarta was 11.8%. The rate of prevalence at Purwosari district. Gunung Kidul was the highest. There were 23.6%. its mean in the 144 subjects. there were 36 people lived in Purwosari. Gunung Kidul, whom suffered from pterygium. (p<0.001). The results showed that risk factors CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of pterygium at Yogyakarta was 11.8%. in the group of 40 were 17.2%. Pterygium found in females higher than males. Based on data. most of the subjects suffered from were in the illiterate and farmers. Purwosari. Gunung Kidul have highest prevalence rate of pterygium. Based on logistic regression analysis risk factors. such as ages. gender. duration ofsun exposure everyday dan using shield protector have influenced the cause of pterygium (p<0.05). Result of coefisient regression. the gender was contribute 10.75%. ages was 12.41%. duration of sun exposure everyday was 9.36% and history of using shield was -7.65% have the important role in pterygium etiology.

Kata Kunci : Pterigium,Faktor Resiko,Prevalensi, pterygium. grading. risk factors. prevalence rate, population based survey.