Layanan Park and Ride sebagai pendukung pengembangan sistem transportasi antarmoda di kawasan permukiman :: Studi kasus Jakarta

DEWAYANI S.W., Retno, Dr.Ir. Heru Sutomo, M.Sc(Eng)

2007 | Tesis | Magister Sistem dan Teknik Transportasi

Kelemahan mendasar dari pengoperasian angkutan umum di Jakarta adalah belum optimalnya jaringan transportasi pengumpan yang terdiri dari tiga elemen yaitu: angkutan umum, moda transportasi non-motorized dan moda kendaraan pribadi melalui sistem park and ride. Mempertimbangkan pentingnya jaringan transportasi pengumpan untuk meningkatkan kinerja angkutan umum dan guna mendukung pengembangan sistem transportasi antarmoda, sepantasnya dikembangkan layanan park and ride. Pada lokasi yang tepat, park and ride mampu menciptakan mekanisme penurunan jumlah kendaraan yang akan memasuki pusat kota. Park and ride juga mampu memberikan image yang positif terhadap angkutan umum dan mendorong masyarakat untuk beralih menggunakan angkutan umum sehingga mendorong perpindahan moda. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui harapan dan respon masyarakat guna pengembangan layanan park and ride pada kawasan permukiman. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Ciracas dan Pasar Rebo menggunakan kuesioner dengan metode stated preference yang terdiri dari 8 kombinasi variabel layanan park and ride. Variabel yang digunakan adalah waktu perjalanan, waktu tunggu, tarif, keandalan, kenyamanan, keamanan dan akses. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisa faktor dan regresi. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan persepsi berdasarkan tipologi permukiman terhadap atribut layanan park and ride. Kenaikan tarif cenderung menurunkan minat seseorang menggunakan layanan park and ride. Bagi pengguna kendaraan pribadi untuk bekerja, kemudahan saat berpindah moda berupa keterpaduan tarif, fasilitas dan layanan mampu meningkatkan minat mereka menggunakan layanan park and ride. Untuk wilayah perkotaan seperti Jakarta peningkatan layanan dalam hal ketepatan waktu (keandalan) angkutan lanjutan merupakan prioritas dalam pengembangan park and ride. Faktor lokasi dan ketersediaan lahan adalah hal yang perlu diperhatikan ketika hendak mengembangkan layanan park and ride di wilayah permukiman.

Fundamental weakness of public transport operation in Jakarta lays on the fact that the existing feeder network has not been properly developed. Feedertransportation network includes these following interactions: public transport, non-motorized transportation modes, and private vehicle mode – through the park and ride services. Considering the importance of the feeder transportation network in order to improve the public transportation performance and to support the development of intermodes transportation system, the park-and-ride services should be properly developed. If properly located, park-and-ride can provide a mechanism for reducing car travel into central areas. Park-and-ride may also represent a positive image of public transport that can lead users to try other bus services, so encouraging further modal shift. Considering the importance of park and ride services, this study was conducted to identify people’s expectations and responses in the development of park and ride services, particularly in residential area. This report presents need analysis for park and ride in Ciracas dan Pasar Rebo residential areas, by utilizing a stated preference method which consists of eight park and ride services variables combinations. The eight variables were travelling time, waiting time, fare, punctuality, comfort, security, and accessibility. Factor analysis and regression analysis were performed for analysis. This study concluded that based on respondent’s residential typology there was no significant perception difference toward the park and ride services attribute. An increase on fare tends to decrease people’s interest to use park and ride services. For people’s who use their private vehicle to work, simplicity when shifting modes – which includes fare integration, facilities, and services – could increase their interest to use the park and ride service. To develop a park and ride services in an urban area such as Jakarta, a service upgrade in the feeder transport mode punctuality should be considered as a priority. Location and land availability are two factors that should be dealt with seriously when developing a park and ride services in residential area.

Kata Kunci : Transportasi Antar Moda,Sistem Park and Ride, park-and-ride service, stated preference method, regression analysis