The Socio-economic impact of rattan industry cluster in Plumbon and Weru Region, Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia

SANTOSO, Selamet Edy, Dr. Willem van Winden dan Ir. Bambang Hari Wibisono, MUP.,M.Sc.,Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Pembangunan ekonomi daerah pada era otonomi sangat penting dalam rangka meningkatkan sumber dana untuk mendukung pembangunan. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mencari jawaban atas 1) apa dampak industri rotan pada a) sumber pendapatan, b) pasar kerja, c) kehidupan social, d) pendidikan, e) kesehatan, f) tata guna lahan dan g) kebijakan pemerintah; dan 2) perbedaan antara Plumbon dan Weru sebagai daerah industry rotan. Dalam proses produksi, industry rotan sangat bergantung pada suplai bahan baku dari daerah lain. Meski pemerintah daerah sudah menandatangani perjanjian dengan pemerintah daerah penghasil rotan tapi realisasi perjanjian ini masih belum jelas terkait dengan mekanisme bagaimana memantapkan suplai yang berkelanjutan. Pada sisi ini, peran pemerintah pusat adalah harus terlibat dan memfasilitasi terbentuknya mekanisme yang jelas suplai bahan baku rotan tersebut. Perbandingan antara wilayah Plumbon dan Weru menunjukkan keduanya secara relative memiliki gambaran yang sama, hanya wilayah Weru mempunyai problem dengan tata guna lahan campuran. Pembangunan infrastruktur tidak cocok untuk kegiatan industry rotan yang menggunakan truk besar dan truk container. Rekomendasi untuk pemerintah daerah yaitu 1) mengeluarkan kebijakan yang melarang pembangunan gudang dan tempat kerja untuk penyelesaian akhir produk rotan di wilayah campuran dalam rangka menekan dampak kesehatan dan isu-isu lingkungan. Disamping itu pemerintah daerah harus membuat studi kelayakan yang akurat untuk pembangunan wilayah klaster rotan yang baru; 2) menciptakan mekanisme suplai bahan baku dan promosi langsung ke negara-negara tujuan ekspor harus dilakukan dan 3) melibatkan lembaga pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk rotan dan perbaikan manajemen perusahaan.

This research is directed to find answer 1) what is the impact of the growth of rattan industry on: a) Income generation, b) Labor market, c) Social life, d) Education, e) Health, f) Land use and g) Government policy; and 2) differences between Plumbon and Weru regions as rattan industry zone. Research is conducted in Plumbon region consists of Plumbon and Depok sub-district and Weru region consists of Weru and Plered sub-district. Research method is directed to find local inhabitant perception about rattan industry through answering a questionnaire as primary data and to collect secondary data that relate with research question number 1. Number of selected respondent is 96 respondents that select through proportional random sampling base on number of rattan enterprise on each village. Secondary data consists of socioeconomic records, regulations, maps and spatial planning document, and literature/previous study. Base on respondent answer and secondary data used in analysis the conclusion, my research finds that even rattan industry can absorb and creates income generation for inhabitant, but minimum wage issue needs local government attention. As home based industry, cluster development still does not support by science or knowledge, for instance, absorption professional designer is still low and the other important think is the government does not think yet to produce modern machine that needs in rattan industry production. Educational agency involvement in rattan industry is low. In other hand, innovation in design should be supported by educational agency for improving it. Next findings are health and environmental issue just becomes discourse not yet as part of local government policy. Health insurance for rattan worker is not in place. Environment issues about solid waste and air pollution in working place is not in place as well. In production process, rattan industry is much depended on supply of raw material from outside regions. Even local government already has sign an agreement with raw rattan producer government but realization of this agreement is still not clear related with how mechanism to establishing sustainable supply from producer regions. In this part, central government should involve and help to provide clear mechanism on raw rattan supplying. Region comparison between Plumbon and Weru region indicates that both relatively have the same feature on rattan industry development, but Weru region has more problems with mix used area. Infrastructure provision is not suitable for rattan activity that use a heavy truck or container truck in mix used area. Recommendations for local government are 1) they should release a policy that prohibits building warehouse and finishing workshop in mix used area in order to reduce health and environment issue. Nevertheless, local government should provide good feasibility study in order to create new development location; 2) they have to create mechanism for raw material supply and promote directly to export destination countries and new potential countries by association and local government collectively; and 3) they should facilitate the role of educational agency for improving their product quality and creating better management. Other researcher can hold further research such as comparison amongst rattan cluster and usefulness of theory for developing the rattan cluster.

Kata Kunci : Pembangunan ekonomi daerah, klaster, socio-economic, Local economic development, cluster