Suplementasi pakan lokal urea gula air multinutrien blok untuk meningkatkan kinerja induk bunting dan menyusui serta menekan kematian anak kambing bligon yang digembalakan di sabana Timor

MANU, Arnol Elyazar, Promotor Prof.Dr.Ir. Endang Baliarti, SU

2007 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Pertanian (Peternakan)

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja induk dan anak kambing Bligon yang digembalakan di sabana Timor Barat dengan suplementasi pakan lokal urea gula air multinutrien blok (UGMB). Gula air adalah nira pohon lontar (Borassus sundaicus) yang dimasak. Sembilan puluh delapan ekor induk dan anaknya digunakan sebagai materi penelitian tahap I, untuk mengetahui kinerja anak yang dilahirkan pada musim yang berbeda dengan memotret wilayah penelitian tanpa suplemen; tahap II untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi terhadap kinerja induk kambing selama bunting sampai beranak; tahap III untuk mengetahui kinerja induk dan anak selama menyusui. Pada tahap II dan III lima belas ekor induk dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok R0, induk hanya digembalakan saja; kelompok R1 induk mendapat UGMB sebanyak 1 % dari berat badan (BB); dan kelompok R2 induk mendapat UGMB sebanyak 2 % dari BB. Dari penelitian tahap I diperoleh berat lahir, berat sapih, pertambahan berat badan harian (PBBH) pra dan pasca sapih awal musim kemarau yang tertinggi diikuti oleh musim hujan dan terendah akhir musim kemarau. Distribusi kelahiran dan jumlah kelahiran kembar tertinggi pada akhir musim kemarau. Kematian anak pra sapih tertinggi pada musim hujan. Konsumsi induk pada puncak musim kemarau sebesar 0,7 sampai 1,94 % dari BB. Dari penelitian tahap II diperoleh PBBH induk (g/ekor) kelompok R0, R1 dan R2 berturut-turut -7,14; 51,79 dan 62,5 (P<0,01). Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa semua komponen darah tiap kelompok berada dalam kisaran normal, dan perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap komponen darah. Dari penelitian tahap III diperoleh PBBH anak kambing (g/ekor) selama menyusui adalah 47,11 g pada R0, 79,33 g pada R1 dan 106,15 g pada R2 (P<0,01). Perbedaan PBBH disebabkan karena anak kambing memperoleh susu yang berbeda pula. Selama menyusui PBBH induk (g/ekor) naik sebesar 38,65 g (R0); 54,76 g (R1) dan 63,10 g (R2). Pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa semua komponen darah tiap kelompok berada dalam kisaran normal, dan perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap komponen darah. Selama menyusui dijumpai kematian anak kambing sebanyak 3 ekor atau 60 % dari kelompok R0. Dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kinerja induk dan anak kambing Bligon yang digembalakan meningkat dengan adanya suplementasi UGMB, diukur dari PBBH induk dan anak serta status kesehatannya.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of local (Bligon) does and their kids that reared under grazing in savannah at West Timor supplemented with urea gula air multinutrient block (UGMB). Gula air is cooked sap Borassus sundaicus. Evaluation was done on performance of kids were born from does were reared at savannah Timor on different season (experiment I) without UGMB suplementation. Research were to study the effect UGMB suplemented on performance Bligon does the late gestation (experiment II) dan lactating does (experiment III) period were reared at savannah Timor. Ninty eight Bligon does with their kids were used in experiment I. Fifteen Bligon does the late gestation period were divided into 3 groups used as subjects in the experiment II and lactating does from experiment II and their kids were used as subject in the experiment III. Does were randomly devided into 3 groups of treatment namely, R0 = control, does were grazed during day; R1 = R0 + 1 % supplement based on body weight ; R2 = R0 + 2 % supplement based on body weight. The results of the experiment I showed that season effected significantly to birth weight, weaning weight, pre and post weaning gain, whereas birth type effected significantly to birth weight, weaning weight and pre weaning gain. Sex effected significantly to post weaning gain. Kid mortality at rainy season were 39.6 %, dry season begins 16.3 % and at the end dry season 18 %. Dry matter intake does at the end of dry season range from 0.7 to 1.9 % of body weight. The results of the experiment II showed that gain weight of the does (g/h/d) were -7.14; 51.79 and 62.5 for group R0, R1 and R2, respectively (P<0,01). Blood component for all groups were in the normal range and supplemention effected significantly. In the experiment III, average daily gain (ADG) (g/h/d) of the kids were 47.11; 79.33; and 106.15 for group R0, R1 and R2, respectively (P<0,01). The ADG was better on the higher milk consumption (P<0,05). Average daily gain of does within group was 38.65; 54.76 and 63.10 g/h/d. The blood components of the does, as well as the kids, in each group were in the normal range, supplemention affected significantly. Three kids in the R0 group died before they were weaned. It was concluded that the performance of does reared in savannah at West Timor supplemented with UGMB were improved, caused by improving gain weight of pregnant and lactation does, increased growth rate and the health status.

Kata Kunci : Kambing Bligon,Kinerja Induk,Pakan Lokal UGMB,Kematian Anak, Bligon goat, Doe performance, UGMB, Savannah, Kids mortality