Pengaruh konsentrasi bahan pengaktif asam klorida (HCl) terhadap mutu arang aktif limbah serbuk gergaji kayu kelapa (Cocos Nucifera) sebagai penurun kadar warna jenis reaktif dingin antasol (B.KNR) limbah cair industri batik

PURNOMO, Thomas Edi, Moh. Fahrurrozi, Ph.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Mesin (Mag. Sistem Teknik-Tek. Pengel. d

Peningkatan produksi pengergajian kayu kelapa berdampak kepada jumlah limbah serbuk gergajian kayu. Limbah tersebut sementara ini digunakan untuk bahan bakar batu bata; bahan bakar rumah tangga; media tanam, namun belum ada yang mengupayakan untuk bahan arang aktif. Arang aktif limbah serbuk gergajian kayu kelapa mempunyai peluang untuk dijadikan bahan pengolah limbah cair industri batik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi bahan pengaktif asam klorida (HCl) terhadap hasil dan mutu arang aktif limbah serbuk gergajian kayu kelapa (cocos nucifera L) sebagai bahan penurun kadar warna jenis reaktif dingin limbah industri batik jenis reaktif dingin Antasol B.KNR Proses dilakukan dengan pembuatan arang dari limbah serbuk gergajian kayu kelapa pada suhu 500 0C selama 3 jam. Arang diaktivasi secara kimia dengan direndam dalam larutan asam klorida (HCl) 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% selama 24 jam, dilanjutkan pemanasan pada suhu 900 0C selama 60 menit. Parameter yang diuji adalah rendemen, kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu, kadar karbon terikat, daya jerap terhadap Iodium dan benzena, sesuai standar SNI 06-3730-95. Arang aktif terbaik diperlakukan untuk menurunkan kadar warna limbah cair industri batik jenis reaktif dingin Antasol B.KNR. Hasil uji kualitas dan aplikasi arang aktif dibandingkan dengan arang aktif komersial (p.a) untuk melihat perbandingan secara nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi HCl berpengaruh terhadap kualitas arang aktif secara nyata, khususnya daya jerap terhadap iodium dan terhadap benzena. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada aktivasi kimia HCl 15% dengan rendemen 75,8%; kadar air 14,562%, kadar zat mudah menguap 9,549%, kadar abu 9,629%, karbon terikat 80,822%, daya jerap Iod 957,489 mg/g; daya jerap benzena 33,094%. Arang aktif terbaik, dapat menurunkan konsentrasi warna limbah cair sampai 94,1%, konsentrasi warna limbah 562,72 ppm 33,25 ppm kurva standar biru metilen 1000 ppm dengan λ = 380 nm. Perbandingan dosis pemakaian arang aktif limbah serbuk gergaji kayu kelapa dengan arang aktif komersial (p.a) untuk sampel limbah yang sama adalah 3 : 2

The increase of coconut wood sawmill production causes more sawdust waste. The waste has been used for domestic and small industry fuels, crop plant media and others. The lignocelluloses waste, however, has a potential as a raw material for higher valued product such as activated carbon. The activated carbon has potential uses in low cost liquid waste water treatments such as those in batik industries. The objectives of this research is to study effect of hydrochloric acid concentration during the chemical charcoal activation on the quality of activated carbon from waste of coconut wood (cocos nucifera L) sawdust as reactive dyes removal (antasol blue.KNR) for batik industry waste water. The sawdust was first pyrolyzed at temperature of 500 ºC for three hours. The produce charcoal was then chemical activated by soaking in hydrochloric acid solutions with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of concentrations respectively for 24 hours and heated at a temperature of 900 ºC for 60 minutes. Subsequently, the activated carbon was charaterized according to SNI 06-3730-95. The evaluated parameters were yield, moisture content, ash content, volatile mater content, fixed carbon content, iodium adsorptive capacity, and benzene adsorptive capacity. The best activated carbon produced in this research was tested for dye (antasol reactive blue.KNR) removal from waste water of batik industry. A test was also done to compare performances of the produced activated carbon with a commercial activated carbon (p.a. grade). The experimental result show that the HCl concentrations have significant effect on qualities of activated carbon especially in term of iodium and benzene adsorptive capacity. The best result was obtained from a chemical activation with 15% hydrochloric acid solution, which gave 75.8% of yield, 14.6% of moisture content, 9.5% of volatile matter content, 9.6% ash content, 80.8% of fixed carbon content, 957.5% iodium adsorptive capacity, and 33.1% of benzene adsorptive capacity. The best activated carbon can reduce dye concentration until 94.1% (562.7 ppm to 33.2 ppm). Compared with commercial product (p.a. grade), activated carbon consumption is 50% higher to achieve equal dye removal performance.

Kata Kunci : limbah serbuk gergaji kayu kelapa, arang aktif, aktivasi kimia , limbah warna, waste of coconut trees (cocos nucifera L) sawdust , chemical activation, activated carbon , liquid waste