Bernard Tschumi :: Teori, metode dan aplikasi
WASTUTY, Prima Widia, Ir. Wiendu Nuryanti, M.Arch.,Ph.D
2007 | Tesis | S2 Teknik ArsitekturBernard Tschumi merupakan salah satu arsitek terkemuka dalam perkembangan arsitektur kontemporer. Keberhasilannya sebagai akademisi, teoretikus dan praktisi, membuatnya berbeda dari arsitek kebanyakan. Ketertarikannya pada sisi teori dan mengkaitkannya dengan ilmu-ilmu di luar arsitektur seperti filosofi, linguistik, sinema, matematika membuat Tschumi menjadi menarik untuk dipelajari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seperti apa teori, prinsip desain dan metode yang digunakan, serta bagaimana aplikasinya dalam karya-karya arsitektural.. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode content analysis. Tulisan, gambar dan diagram dari berbagai sumber menjadi bahan untuk merumuskan teori, prinsip desain dan metodenya, yang kemudian diverifikasi dengan karya-karya arsitekturalnya. Karya arsitektural yang terpilih di sini adalah Parc de la Villette, Glass Video Gallery, Le Fresnoy National Studio for Contemporary Arts, Rouen Concert Hall and Exhibition Hall dan The Expansion of the Museum of Modern Arts. Setelah melalui penelusuran yang mendalam, diperoleh suatu teori bahwa arsitektur adalah tentang space (ruang), event (program) dan movement (pergerakan) yang disjunctive. Selain itu arsitektur juga tentang concept (konsep), context (konteks) dan content (program) yang qualify and disqualify. Prinsip-prinsip desain Tschumi meliputi transference, unsettle meaning and context, nonidentity, heterogeneity, discontinuity, displacement, movement as generator, in-between, movement as activator, enclosure, qualify and disqualify. Metode desain Tschumi cukup kompleks, satu metode masih mengandung metode-metode yang lebih rinci dan rincian metode-metode tersebut terkadang menjadi bagian dari metode lainnya. Metode desain Tschumi adalah derivasi, no-sense/no meanings, program and distanciation, disjunction, cinegram, deconsruction, vector, solid void, activator, envelope, indifference, conflict, dan reciprocity. Kekhasan arsitektur Tschumi terletak pada disjungsi antara space, event and movement. Penekanan arsitekturnya adalah pada dekonstruksi program. Dekonstruksi Tschumi ini dapat menjadi alternatif yang sangat membantu dalam penyelesaian desain-desain arsitektur sekarang bagi arsitektur indonesia, dimana arsitektur dekonstruksi yang berkembang kebanyakan masih berorientasi pada bentuk visual. Dekonstruksi program ini juga merupakan penyelesaian terhadap kedinamisan fungsi, yang tidak lagi berurutan, tapi bertumpuk.
Bernard Tschumi is one among many prominent architects who shaped the development of contemporary architecture. His interests on theories of architecture and the way he relates those theories with other disciplines different than architecture such as philosophy, linguistics, cinema, and mathematics made him stand out and for that same reason, he and his architecture become interesting to comprehend. The aim of this research are to observe the theories, principles and methods used by Tschumi on designing his architecture, and how those abstract factors implemented in his actual architectural works. The method used to conduct this research is content analysis method, done by taking examples and studying Tschumi’s writings, images and diagrams from various resources, to deduce Tschumi’s theories, principles and methods of design, which later verified with his architectural works. There are numbers of Tschumi’s architectural works chosen to represent his ideals, and they are Parc de la Villette, Glass Video Gallery, Le Fresnoy National Studio for Contemporary Arts, Rouen Concert Hall and Exhibition Hall and The Expansion of The Museum of Modern Arts. After conducting an in-depth research on this matter, it came to the conclusion that one of Tschumi’s main theory is that architecture is about a disjunctive connections between space, event, and movement, and architecture is about concept, context, and content that qualify and disqualify. Tschumi’s principles of design are ranging from transference, unsettle meaning and context, nonidentity, heterogeneity, discontinuity, displacement, to movement as generator, in-between, movement as activator, enclosure, and again, qualify and disqualify. His design methods are quite complex, with one of the method usually covers numbers of more specific methods and the descriptions of those sub-methods are parts of other sub-methods. Among the methods are derivations, no-sense/no-meanings, program and distanciation, disjunction, cinegram, deconstruction, vector, solid void, activator, envelope, indifference, conflict, and reciprocity. What makes Tschumi’s architecture unique and stand out form others on their disjunctions of space, events and movement, with a specific theme on program deconstructions, which can be a very helpful alternative on today’s architecture design solutions, also in Indonesia, where deconstruction architecture commonly understood through its visual terms, instead of its programmatic solutions. The deconstruction in programming is a response toward today’s dynamic functions, which is no longer sequential and successive, but folded.
Kata Kunci : Arsitektur Kontemporer,Bernard Tschumi,Teori, Metode dan Aplikasi
