Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan di desa Sekardadi Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli Propinsi Bali

ANTARA, I Wayan, Dra. Agnes Sunartiningsih, MS

2007 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi (Kebijakan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial)

Pembangunan pertanian merupakan bagian integral dari pembangunan nasional yang memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dalam upaya optimalisasi sumberdaya dan pemberdayaan masyarakat peternak guna mengatasi masalah utama di tingkat usahatani yaitu keterbatasan modal petani, disamping belum berkembangnya usaha di hulu, hilir dan jasa penunjang dalam pembangunan pertanian, rendahnya tingkat penguasaan teknologi serta lemahnya SDM dan kelembagaan petani. Penyebaran dan pengembangan ternak melalui program perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan merupakan program pemberdayaan masyarakat peternak yang bertujuan untuk membentuk kawasan peternakan, keseimbangan pembangunan antar wilayah, populasi dan produksi, optimalisasi sumberdaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Namun realita dilapangan perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan banyak mengalami kegagalan, Kintamani 30,81%, Susut 36,52%, Bangli 41,24% dan Tembuku mencapai 56,96%. Fokus penelitian ini adalah bagaimana program perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan di Kabupaten Bangli mengalami kegagalan Pemberdayaan masyarakat ditujukan untuk mendorong terciptanya kekuatan dan kemampuan lembaga masyarakat agar secara mandiri mampu mengelola dirinya sendiri berdasarkan kebutuhan masyarakat itu sendiri serta mampu mengatasi segala tantangan persoalan dimasa yang akan datang. Pemberdayaan kemantapan kelompok tani melalui fasilitasi sarana dan prasarana, pembinaan dan penyuluhan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan mengambil lokasi di Desa Sekardadi. Informan penelitian ini anggota kelompok tani sejumlah 21 orang, untuk kroscek data wawancara dilakukan kepada Kepala Pemerintah Desa, Kepala Dinas Peternakan Perikanan Kabupaten Bangli, Kepala Bidang yang membidangi perguliran, Kepala UPTD Kecamatan Kintamani, PPL yang membidangi wilayah masing-masing 1 (satu orang). Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan intrumen. Analisa data dilakukan dengan analisa deskriptif, melalui tehnik reduksi data, penyajian data dan mengambil kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penyebaran dan pengembangan melalui perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan kurang dirasakan manfaatnya atau kurang berhasil. Dalam upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan melalui bantuan perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masih di hadapkan pada berbagai kendala antara lain rendahnya kualitas SDM, rendahnya fungsi dan peran kelompok dan manajemen yang kurang baik, jangka waktu perguliran ternak yang panjang, kesadaran petani dan intensitas pembinaan yang dilakukan pemerintah. Dalam penyebaran dan pengembangan melalui bantuan perguliran ternak sistem gaduhan untuk lebih memberdayakan petani maka diperlukan reorientasi pemahaman perguliran, penguatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, penguatan dan pengembangan kelembagaan serta penguatan sistem atau manajemen melalui pembinaan, penyuluhan serta pelatihan intensif, dibutuhkan kebijakan penyebaran ternak yang lebih meringankan beban petani.

Agricultural development is an integral part of National Development that plays an important role in upgrading welfare. In the efforts of optimizing human resources and empowerment of breeding farmer society in order to overcome the main problem at the level of agricultural business, that is limited capital of the farmers, beside the fact that the top level business is still underdeveloped, low level of technological expertise as well as weakness of human resources and agricultural institution. Distribution and development of livestock through sharecropped system of livestock turnover is a farmer society empowerment program that objective is to establish livestock farming resort, balanced development between areas, populations and productions, optimizing human resources in order to escalate the farmers’ income. However, as a matter of fact, many sharecropped system of livestock turnover experienced failure at the rate of 30.81% in Kintamani, 36.52 % in Susut, 41.24% in Bangli and Tembuku reached the top of 56.96%. This research focused on how the sharecropped system of livestock turnover at the Bangli Regency had failed. Society empowerment aimed to motivate the realization of strength and ability of society institution in order to in its autonomy be able to manage itself based on what the society need is and capable of overcoming every future obstacle. Empowerment of farmer group intactness is conducted through providing of facility and instrument, guidance and counseling. The research performed was descriptive type with qualitative approach, taking place at the Sekardadi Village. Informants of this research consisted of 21 members of farmer group, data cross-check interview was conducted with chief of the village, Head of Breeding and Fishery Office of Bangli Regency, section head holding the responsibility of turnover, Head of UPTD of Kintamani District, a PPL (Operational Agent) in charge of respective area. Data gathering was done through observation, interview, documentation and instrument. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis through data reduction technique, data extension and conclusion making. Result of this research showed that society empowerment through distribution and development sharecropped system of livestock turnover was less affective or less successful. The endeavor of uplifting welfare through sharecropped system of livestock turnover still had to face various challenges, i.e., low qualification of human resources, lack of group’s function or role and less effective management, long duration of livestock turnover, farmers’ awareness and intensity of guidance conducted by the government. Thus, turnover understanding reorientation, strengthening of human resources quality, institution strengthening and development as well as system or management encouragement through guidance, counseling and intensive training are required, livestock distribution policy less burdensome to farmers is also in need.

Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan Masyarakat,Perguliran Ternak, turnover, livestock, society empowerment