Pelaksanaan Program Ekonomi Kerakyatan dalam upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Tanjung Padang Kabupaten Bengkalis

KATMUJI, Drs. Cornelis Lay, MA

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik (Politik Lokal dan Otonomi Daerah)

Dengan komitmen tinggi Pemerintah Kabupaten Bengkalis mengambil kebijakan tentang program ekonomi kerakyatan yang secara sistematis mengupayakan pemberdayaan masyarakat di sektor ekonomi. Pelaksanaan program ekonomi kerakyatan 2006 merupakan kegiatan pilot proyek yang difokuskan pada peningkatan ekonomi rakyat melalui pengembangan di sektor perkebunan karet. Pelaksanaan program ekonomi kerakyatan tersebut mengambil langkah-langkah strategis yang diarahkan langsung pada perluasan akses masyarakat terhadap sumbersumber yang dimiliki masyarakat sekaligus menciptakan peluang-peluang bagi masyarakat di lapisan bawah untuk berpartisipasi secara konkret dalam proses pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut. Dengan demikian diharapkan mampu mengatasi kondisi keterbelakangan, keterisoliran dan marginalisasi pembangunan. Dari hasil temuan awal penulis, mendorong untuk melakukan studi penelitian tentang pelaksanaan program ekonomi kerakyatan di Desa Tanjung Padang sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitaif yaitu menggambarkan proses pelaksanaannya. Unit analisisnya adalah para pelaksana program dari tingkat Kabupaten, Kecamatan sampai Desa. Adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan data dokumentasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pelaksanaan program ekonomi kerakyatan di Desa Tanjung Padang belum menunjukkan peningkatan secara riil pendapatan masyarakat. Hal ini tercermin dari keinginan masyarakat sendiri melalui bentuk program, yaitu pengembangan di sektor perkebunan karet yang membutuhkan waktu 5-7 tahun. Namun pengembangan perkebunan karet menciptakan aktivitas, kreativitas dan produktivitas masyarakat dan mendorong untuk tumbuh dan berkembang melalui kekuatan sendiri yang pada akhirnya berdampak bagi keberlangsungan ekonomi masyarakat jangka panjang. Dalam konteks pelaksanaan di lapangan, masih ditemukan kendala antara lain lemahnya pengelolaan di tingkat desa, tidak adanya tenaga profesional yang mendampingi masyarakat dalam proses pelaksanaan PEK, keterbatasan sarana pendukung, dan sumber-sumber yang digunakan, Sehingga dalam proses pelaksanaan program ekonomi kerakyatan tahun 2006 di Desa Tanjung Padang belum mencapai titik maksimal dengan tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat (community empowerment). Dari temuan di atas tadi, penulis merekomendasikan tentang pentingnya tindak lanjut kebijakan PEK yaitu kebijakan yang sustainabel dengan program yang dilakukan sebelumnya, terutama bagi masyarakat yang mendapat alokasi dana PEK 2006 serta melakukan perbaikan manajemen pelaksanaan di tingkat desa sehingga kebijakan tentang PEK lebih memberdayakan masyarakat secara konkret.

The government of Bengkalis district has a strong commitment in adopting people’s economy program by systematically seeking the efforts to empower the community in economic sector. The implementation of people’s economy program of 2006 was a pilot project focusing on improvement of people’s economy through the development of rubber farming sector. The program was implemented through strategic steps which was directly aimed at increasing the access of community to their own existing resources and, at the same time, creating opportunities for the bottom layer to concretely participate in the implementation process of the policy. It was expected that they would be able to solve their backward and isolated conditions and their being marginalized in the development. The preliminary findings of the author had motivated him to carry out a study on the implementation of people’s economy program in Tanjung Padang village as an effort to empower the community. This study used a descriptive-qualitative approach, that is, describing its implementation process. The units of analysis were program implementers at the district, sub district, and village levels. The data were collected by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The collected data were then analyzed qualitatively. The results of study showed that the implementation of people’s economy program in Tanjung Padang village had not been resulted in a real increase of community income. It was indicated by the aspirations of the community themselves in the program to develop rubber farming which would take 5-7 years. The development of rubber farming would generate activities, creativity, and productivity of the community which support the growth and the development through self-support which would finally bring impacts on the long-term economic sustainability of the community. In the context of field implementation, some problems were still found, including weak management at the village level, absence of professional agents to assist the community in implementing people’s economy program, limited supporting facilities and resources to be utilized. Therefore, the process of implementing people’s economy program of 2006 in Tanjung Padang village had not been maximum in achieving the community empowerment goal. Based on the findings above, the author recommends the necessity to follow-up the policy of people’s economy program with the policy which is still relevant with the previous program, especially for the community that had been allocated with fund from people’s economy program of 2006, and the need to improve implementation management at the village level so that the policy of people’s economy program will more concretely empower the community.

Kata Kunci : Kebijakan Pemerintah,Program Ekonomi Kerakyatan,people’s economy program, community empowerment, and policy implementation